Daghini, Elena, Alejandro R. Chade, James D. Krier, Daniele Versari, Amir Lerman, and Lilach O. Lerman. Acute inhibition of the endogenous xanthine oxidase improves renal hemodynamics in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R609–R615, 2006. First published November 10, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00436.2005.—Hypercholesterolemia (HC), a major risk factor for onse...

With conventional intracellular recording methods, we investigated the mechanism of actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) reactions on AH/type 2 myenteric neurons in the guinea pig distal colon. Of the 54 neurons to which HX/XO was applied, 32 neurons showed a transient membrane hyperpolarization(s) followed by a long-lasting membrane de...

Xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation contributes to experimental chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in adults, but its role in neonatal pulmonary hypertension has received little attention. In rats chronically exposed to hypoxia (13% O(2)) for 14 days from birth, we examined the effects of ROS scavengers (U74389G 10 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) or Tempol 100 mg.kg(-1)....

MgxZn1 xO (0rxr0.13) films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were chosen as the n-type semiconductor layer forming a heterojunction with electrodeposited p-type cuprous oxide (Cu2O) for photovoltaic applications in this study. We investigated the effects of Mg contents (x) on the performance of Ag–Cu2O–MgxZn1 xO–fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-glass heterojunction solar ce...

BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation (BT) plays a major role in the pathophysiological process of spontaneous infections in portal hypertension (PH) and cholestatic jaundice. The major mechanisms promoting BT in experimental animal models are the disruption of the intestinal ecological equilibrium and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and xanthi...

Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1B1, Canada McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Center, Montréal, H3A 1A4, Canada Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada. Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 2B4, Québec, Canada. Département des sciences fondamentales, Universi...

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) in failing hearts improves cardiac efficiency by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesized that this energetic effect is due to reduced oxidative stress and critically depends on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, reflecting a balance between generation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. In dogs with pacing-induced heart failure (HF), ascorbate ...

BACKGROUND Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) existing in two interconvertible forms, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO), catabolises xanthine to uric acid that is further broken down to antioxidative agent allantoin. XOR also produces free radicals serving as second messenger and microbicidal agent. Large variation in the XO activity has been observed among various species. Both...

To assess the effects of oxyradicals on cardiac beta-adrenoceptors, G-proteins and adenylyl cyclase, rat heart membranes were incubated with xanthine (X) plus xanthine oxidase (XO) for different intervals. The basal as well as forskolin-, NaF-, 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities showed an increase at 10 min and a decrease at 30 min of incubation...

Turner's syndrome (caused by monosomy of chromosome X) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in females. Although 3% of all pregnancies start with XO embryos, 99% of these pregnancies terminate spontaneously during the first trimester. The common genetic explanation for the early lethality of monosomy X embryos, as well as the phenotype of surviving individuals is haploinsufficien...