Abu Ja'far Ahmad b. Abi Khalid Ibn al-Jazzar, born in Qayrawan, the medieval capital of Tunisia, hailed from a family of physicians. ' His father IbrThim was a doctor, as was his paternal uncle Abu Bakr. He studied with the famous Jewish philosopher and physician Ishaq b. Sulayman al-Isra'ili (c. 243/855-343/955),2 who had been a student of Ishaq ibn 'Imran (d. 296/908),3 and who at the age of ...

BACKGROUND Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī, known as Rhazes in the Western world (854-925 CE), was an Iranian polymath, physician and one of the most prominent sages in the medieval period. He wrote several medical books and treaties such as "Continents", a comprehensive medical encyclopedia, treaties in smallpox and measles, "Al-Mansuri" and many other important manuscripts in the medi...

defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....

The study was conducted on 444 patients suffering from skin lesions of different ages and genders that were diagnosed by dermatologists as cutaneous leishmaniasis for people reviewing throughout the days week department epidemiology transitional diseases who attended to hospitals in city Baghdad, namely (Al-Shaheed Dari Al Fayyad Teaching Hospital , Al-Shaheed Sadr Al-Numan Hospital, Al-Karama ...

quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

BACKGROUND Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi, known as Ibn al-Nafis (1210-1288 AD), was a Muslim Syrian physician primarily famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood. The most voluminous of his books is Alshamel fi Sana'at tebbi'at, which is a comprehensive medical encyclopedia. It comprised 300 volumes of notes, from which only ...

BACKGROUND The science of toxicology has a long history and been highly valued in Islamic countries. Numerous scientists were the expert in this field, particularly during the third and fourth centuries. Through reading such literature and gaining the experience of the scientists, one can use such valuable information to promote this science. METHODS In this article, different sources of trad...

In his polemic composition al-Radd ‘alā Ibn al-Naghrīla al-Yahūdī, Abū Muḥammad ‘Alī b. Aḥmad Ḥazm al-Andalusī (994/1064 CE) attempts to demonstrate the Jews’ taḥrīf (falsification) of Torah by citing several examples. This article intends shed some light on an important aspect Ḥazm’s rhetoric as reflected in al-Naghrīla. I argue, however, that juxtaposing arguments with relevant Jewish sources...