The development of lotic-breeding Bufo torrenticola is described from zygote to completion metamorphosis in captivity at 13±1°C. We delimit 56 developmental stages based on external features. describe so as be comparable common that are widely used for anurans. also compare the larval between B. lotic water and lentic water, with lentic-breeding japonicus formosus water. Our results suggest tad...

Mammalian zygote-mediated genome-engineering by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas is currently used for the generation of genome-modified animals. Here, we report that a Campylobacter jejuni-derived orthologous CRISPR/Cas system recognizes a 5'-NNNVRYAC sequence as a protospacer-adjacent motif in mouse zygotes, and is applicable for efficient generation of kn...

Once ingested by mosquitoes, malaria parasites undergo complex cellular changes. These include zygote formation, transformation of zygote to ookinete, and differentiation from ookinete to oocyst. Within the oocyst, the parasite multiplies into numerous sporozoites. Modulators of intracellular calcium homeostasis, MAPTAM, and TMB-8 blocked ookinete development as did the calmodulin (CaM) antagon...

Anisogamy is the occurrence within a population of two gamete types of different size, a very common condition both in plants and in animals. This paper shows conditions that anisogamy without disassortative fusion (pseudoanisogamety) should be favoured by individual natural selection; the results obtained analytically below are in basic agreement with those obtained through the use of numerica...

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is an assisted reproductive technology [5] (ART) first used in 1986 to help those who are infertile conceive a child. ZIFT is a hybrid technique derived from a combination of in vitro [6] fertilization [7] (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedures. Despite a relatively high success rate close to that of IVF, it is not as common as its paren...

Oocyte meiotic progression and maternal-to-zygote transition are accompanied by dynamic epigenetic changes. The functional significance of these changes and the key epigenetic regulators involved are largely unknown. Here we show that Setdb1, a lysine methyltransferase, controls the global level of histone H3 lysine 9 di-methyl (H3K9me2) mark in growing oocytes. Conditional deletion of Setdb1 i...

Once ingested by mosquitoes, malaria parasites undergo complex cellular changes. These include zygote formation, transformation of zygote to ookinete, and differentiation from ookinete to oocyst. Within the oocyst, the parasite multiplies into numerous sporozoites. Modulators of intracellular calcium homeostasis A23187, MAPTAM, and TMB-8 blocked ookinete development as did the calmodulin (CaM) ...

BACKGROUND Embryos selection is crucial to maintain high performance in terms of pregnancy rate, reducing the risk of multiple pregnancy during IVF. Pronuclear and nucleolar characteristics have been proposed as an indicator of embryo development and chromosomal complement in humans, providing information about embryo viability. METHODS To correlate the zygote-score with the maternal age and ...