Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) (five of eight) were infected with West Nile virus (WNV) when challenged by the oral route with 10(2.3) or 10(3.4) plaque forming units (PFU). The mean maximum serum WNV titer of infected fox squirrels was 10(5.1) PFU/mL and ranged from 10(4.6) to 10(5.6) PFU/mL. These levels of viremia are infectious for several mosquito vectors of WNV. This virus was also isolate...

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in humans results in clinical symptoms very similar to ordinary smallpox. Aerosol is a route of secondary transmission for monkeypox, and a primary route of smallpox transmission in humans. Therefore, an animal model for aerosol exposure to MPXV is needed to test medical countermeasures. To characterize the pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fasciculari...

The initial inactivation of reovirus in water containing 3 to 7 microns M bromine as HOBr was very rapid. Electron microscopy revealed extensive physical damage to the virions in as little as 1 min, but none were degraded beyond recognition. As treatment time continued, the reaction rate decreased toward a plateau of resistance, usually at about the 10-4 survival level; still no particles were ...

• Emissivity variability for a serial production of ITER-like divertor components. evolution due to high heat flux tests. Non-uniform emissivity along components after exposure in WEST. This paper summarizes the measurements performed on shaped plasma facing units (PFU) WEST lower installed second phase Laboratory before their installation WEST, as well measurement one PFU an experimental campa...

We evaluated effect of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) specific lytic phage CJ12 in ETEC infected pigs. Phage was mixed with feed at a ratio of 1:1,000 (0.1%). One week after initially providing phage mixed feed, pigs were challenged orally with 10(11) CFU of ETEC and body weight, diarrhea score, bacterial CFU and phage PFU in the feces were measured. Pigs of phage treated groups C (10(...

SRC kinases and PKR are intracellular protein kinases, which play key roles in intracellular viral replication. In this research, the effect of SRC kinase inhibition and PKR activation and inhibition on replication of coxsakievirus (CVB3), an entrovirus of the family picornaviridae – causative agents of fatal myocarditis, was studied. Vero and Hela cells were cultured and infected with CVB3 in ...

BACKGROUND ChimeriVax-WN02 is a live, attenuated chimeric vaccine for protection against West Nile virus. This Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study assessed the immunogenicity, viremia, and safety of the ChimeriVax-WN02 vaccine. METHODS The 2-part study included adults in general good health. In part 1, subjects aged 18-40 years were randomized to 1 of 4 t...

Murine norovirus (strain MNV-1), a propagable norovirus, was evaluated for susceptibility to high-pressure processing. Experiments with virus stocks in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium demonstrated that at room temperature (20 degrees C) the virus was inactivated over a pressure range of 350 to 450 MPa, with a 5-min, 450-MPa treatment being sufficient to inactivate 6.85 log(10) PFU of MNV-1. Th...

In September and October 2002, an epizootic of neurologic disease occurred at an alligator farm in Florida (USA). Three affected American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were euthanatized and necropsied, and results confirmed infection with West Nile virus (WNV). The most significant microscopic lesions were a moderate heterophilic to lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalomyelitis, necrotiz...