In the last decade, we have been witnessing a rapid development of the constellations of Global and Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS/RNSS). Besides the well-known GPS and GLONASS, newly developed systems such as Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS and NAVIC have become increasingly important. All satellites of new GNSS are equipped with laser retroreflector arrays (LRA) dedicated to Satellite Lase...

Reducing the vertical dilution of precision (VDOP) of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) position solution by exploiting terrestrial signals of opportunity (SOPs) is considered. A receiver is assumed to make pseudorange observations on multiple GNSS satellite vehicles (SVs) and multiple terrestrial SOPs and to fuse these observations through an estimator. This paper studies GNSS VDOP r...

Attitude determination systems based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) present several advantages, most of all, for very small satellites. GNSS receivers have low power consumption, limited mass, small volume, and are relatively inexpensive. However, if the attitude information is extracted from the relative position between two or more GNSS antennas placed on the nanosatellite, du...

The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) are a valid aid in support of the aeronautic science. GNSS technology has been successfully implemented in aircraft design, in order to provide accurate position, velocity and heading estimations. Although it does not yet comply with aviation integrity requirements, GNSS-based aircraft navigation is one of the alternative means to traditional dead-...

The University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC) has full access to the Beidou system, QZSS, GLONASS, Galileo and GPS on its campus. Currently UNNC has a number of GNSS receivers that can access the multi-GNSS constellation, these being a ComNav K508 triple frequency GPS/BeiDou/GLONASS system, Unicore UR240-CORS-II and UR240-RTK GPS/BeiDou receivers, Javad SIGMA and TIUMPH-VS multi GNSS receive...

In this work, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy that utilizes a Virtual Base Station (VBS) combined with the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning technology was developed to monitor water surface elevations in estuaries and coastal areas. The GNSS buoy includes a buoy hull, a RTK GNSS receiver, data-transmission devices, a data logger, and General Purpose Radio Service (GPRS) mo...

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ambiguity resolution is the process of resolving the unknown cycle ambiguities of the carrier phase data as integers. The sole purpose of ambiguity resolution is to use the integer ambiguity constraints as a means of improving significantly on the precision of the remaining GNSS model parameters. In this contribution, we consider the problem of ambiguit...

The mesoscale variability of water vapour (WV) in the troposphere is a highly complex phenomenon and modelling and monitoring the WV distribution is a very important but challenging task. Any observation technique that can reliably provide WV distribution is essential for both monitoring and predicting weather. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) tomography technique is a powerful too...

global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers are usually unable to achieve satisfactory performance in difficult environments, such as open-pit mines, urban canyons and indoors. Pseudolites have the potential to extend GNSS usage and significantly improve receiver performance in such environments by providing additional navigation signals. This also applies to asynchronous pseudolite sys...

The concept of Cooperative Positioning (CP) has emerged recently to improve the quality of positioning, provided by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), in terms of accuracy and availability. This is necessary to meet the requirements of the vehicular position-based applications such as collision avoidance, which cannot rely only on GNSS performance. CP systems are based on fusing data fr...