Purpose Growing evidence suggests that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to T helper 17 (Th17) cell-associated immunoinflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of T cell-derived GM-CSF on CD11b+ myeloid cell function in dry eye disease (DED). Methods In a murine model of DED, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were used to...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops as monotherapy for the treatment of moderate to severe cases of dry eye disease. METHODS Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) were included in this prospective case series. Subjects were classified as evaporative DED (EDED) or aque...

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E2 protein, the master regulator of viral life cycle, induces apoptosis of host cell that is independent of its virus-associated regulatory functions. E2 protein of HR-HPV18 has been found to be involved in novel FADD-independent activation of caspase-8, however, the molecular basis of this unique non-death-fold E2-mediated apoptosis is poorly understood....

Two general pathways for cell death have been defined, apoptosis and necrosis. Previous studies in Jurkat cells have demonstrated that the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is required for Fas-mediated signaling to apoptosis and necrosis. Here we developed L929rTA cell lines that allow Tet-on inducible expression and FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-mediated dimerization of FADD, FADD-death effect...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and is one of the most common reasons for patients to visit an eye care provider. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immune modulating drug that was approved in the US for topical use in the treatment of DED in 2003, which led to a paradigm change in our understanding and treatment of DED, turning attention to control of inflammati...

PURPOSE A majority of experimental data on dry eye disease (DED) immunopathogenesis have been derived from a murine model of DED that combines desiccating environmental stress with systemic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) inhibition. However, to our knowledge the effects of pharmacologic mAChR blockade on the pathogenesis of experimental DED have not been evaluated systemically. The p...

Because of the enormous potential Laser Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) regarding production and maintenance components with complex geometries, this type Additive Manufacturing processes is great industrial scientific interest. As two principals L-DED, i.e., wire-based (L-DED-W) powder-based (L-DED-P) processes, are commonly used, it indispensable to thoroughly analyze influence raw material ...

PURPOSE The accurate diagnosis and classification of dry eye disease (DED) is challenging owing to wide variations in symptoms and lack of a single reliable clinical assessment. In addition, changes and severity of clinical signs often do not correspond to patient-reported symptoms. To better understand the inconsistencies observed between signs and symptoms, we conducted a systematic literatur...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder associated with inflammation of the lacrimal gland and ocular surface. The interaction of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with its cognate ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is known to have important roles in the interaction of a variety of cells involved in immune responses and inflammation, includi...

With the highest prevalence of diabetes in the United States, American Indians and Alaska Natives are at greatest risk for diabetic eye disease (DED), a leading cause of blindness. The National Eye institute (NEI) conducted formative research to understand DED-related knowledge, identify approaches to managing this disease, and design a communication plan to increase awareness and reduce DED am...