We recently reported the intraspecies transmission of L-type atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). To clarify the peripheral pathogenesis of L-type BSE, we studied prion distribution in nerve and lymphoid tissues obtained from experimentally challenged cattle. As with classical BSE prions, L-type BSE prions accumulated in central and peripheral nerve tissues.

Sheep CH1641-like transmissible spongiform encephalopathy isolates have shown molecular similarities to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolates. We report that the prion protein PrPSc from sheep BSE is extremely resistant to denaturation. This feature, combined with the N-terminal PrPSc cleavage, allowed differentiation of classical scrapie, including CH1641-like, from natural goat BSE ...

BACKGROUND In many of the European countries affected by Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), case clustering patterns have been observed. Most of these patterns have been interpreted in terms of heterogeneities in exposure of cattle to the BSE agent. Here we investigate whether spatial clustering is present in the Dutch BSE case data. RESULTS We have found three spatial case clusters in t...

Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is always thought to be done by most women only. However, men are also susceptible to breast cancer and as such, also needs to perform Breast Self-Examination (BSE). In this study, the awareness, compliance; and confidence of the participants on BSE was done among 496 students, between male and female participants, of different year levels and from different colleg...

There are widespread calls for increased surveillance to more accurately detect the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in North American cattle, following the discovery of two cases of BSE in 2003. The need for improved surveillance and testing to determine the prevalence of BSE arises from a number of factors, including the long latent incubation times for this disease (4-6 ye...

The authors describe the historic form of rendering and provide details on present-day practice. Possible future directions for the rendering industry are considered. The role of rendered meat-and-bone meal (MBM) as a dietary supplement in propagating the United Kingdom (UK) epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is discussed, together with the role of MBM in spreading BSE outside t...

A review of publications on breast self-examination (BSE) up to the middle of 1991 showed that evidence supporting BSE has strengthened since 1989. BSE is associated with a smaller size of tumor at diagnosis and has the potential to reduce breast cancer mortality. Mortality reduction is likely to be achieved only if BSE is competently performed and if appropriate diagnostic follow-up is accessi...

BACKGROUND Women in Thailand have a relatively low risk of developing breast cancer; however, death rates from breast cancer are increasing. Rates in many migrant groups are also known to be on the increase. Little is known about breast cancer screening, particularly breast self-examination (BSE), among Thai migrant women in other countries. In Australia, non-English-speaking-background migrant...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Ethiopia of all female cancers. It is considered to be a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if detected late. Breast self-examination is an important prevention method of breast cancer. This study was aimed at assessing practice and associated factors of breast self-examination (BSE) among female Debre Berhan University stu...

This study investigated the effect of a BSE training program on women's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding BSE. Postal questionnaires were sent to 629 women who had participated in 1998-2000 in the BSE training program run by Ribe County, Denmark, and to a local matched control group of the same size selected through personal registration numbers. Response rates were 77% and 56%, resp...