With the increasing deterioration of world water resources, configuring a technical and economic viable wastewater treatment and recycle technology to satisfying the increasing complexity of wastewater and stringent environmental regulation has been a great challenge over the past decades. Developing reliable technologies for wastewater treatment is of urgent importance. In recent years, anaero...

The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data applications over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). The ABR service uses a closed-loop rate-based traac management framework where the network divides available bandwidth among contending sources. The ATM Forum then worked on incorporating open-loop control capabilities to make the ABR service robust to temporary network fa...

This work refers to an ATM satellite system, supporting different QoS classes via the standard ATM traffic categories, i.e. Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (VBR), Available Bit Rate (ABR) and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR). The focus of this work is on ABR (i.e. closed loop control) and the central issue is to find trade-offs between a high ABR throughput and processing burden/buffer spa...

We extend our earlier study of buffer requirements of TCP over ABR in two directions. First, we study the performance of TCP over ABR in an ATM backbone. On the backbone, the TCP queues are at the edge router and not inside the ATM network. The router requires buffer equal to the sum of the receiver window sizes of the participating TCP connections. Second, we introduce various patterns of VBR ...

The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data applications over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). The ABR service uses a closed-loop rate-based traac management framework where the network divides available bandwidth among contending sources. The ATM Forum then worked on incorporating open-loop control capabilities to make the ABR service robust to temporary network fa...

Little is known about how outer hair cell loss interacts with noise-induced and age-related auditory nerve degradation (i.e., cochlear synaptopathy) to affect auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave characteristics. Given that listeners with impaired audiograms likely suffer from mixtures of these hearing deficits and that ABR amplitudes have successfully been used to isolate synaptopathy in lis...

The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service class has been de ned by the ATM Forum. Closed-loop ratebased congestion control has been adopted by the ATM Forum as the standard approach for supporting ABR service in ATM networks. This paper examines congestion control mechanisms for ABR service and presents fundamental performance results for rate-based tra c management schemes under varying available b...

In this paper we consider an ABR traac stream which shares an output port of a switch with delay sensitive CBR/VBR traac. Congestion control of the ABR traac is achieved by means of an Explicit Rate congestion control scheme. The occupancy of the ABR-buuer in the switch is analytically evaluated. Application of the analysis on numerical examples illustrates the innuence of the following system ...

A synthetic wastewater with high concentration of sulfate and COD was treated in anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) coupled with an activated sludge. The work was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, the concentration of sulfate was kept constant at 500mg/l, but COD concentration was increased from (3000mg/l to 6000mg/l), consequently, COD and sulfate removal in ABR reached to 80% and 9...

In this paper, we investigate the dual control problem*TCP #ow control at the TCP layer and ABR #ow control at the ATM layer. First, we observe that TCP #ow control and ABR #ow control cannot co-operate well. The worst case is that the slow start after packet loss causes high but unused ACR (Allowed Cell Rate) which raises the potential of cell loss and an under#owed switch queue which reduces ...