The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of an antibiotic-lock technique in preventing endoluminal catheter-related infection with gram-positive bacteria in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients with nontunneled, multilumen central venous catheters were assigned in a randomized, double-blinded manner to receive either 10 U of heparin per ml (57 patients)...

We performed in vitro studies to elucidate the bactericidal activity of the antibiotics in an adherent-cell biofilm model. Efficacy studies were performed in a staphylococcal central venous catheter (CVC) infection rat model. Silastic catheters were implanted into the superior cava. Via the CVC the rats were challenged with 1.0 x 10(6) CFU of a live Staphylococcus aureus strain. Twenty-four hou...

To the Editor—There is increasing evidence that antimicrobial locks applied within the catheter lumen are effective at preventing catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), a source of substantial morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Therefore, we read with interest the recently published review article by John Boyce that, in addition to providing a comprehensiv...

by drawing blood through a heparin lock, patients can be protected from skin damages duo to repeated needle sticks. in addition, this procedure can assist to gain more precise results in laboratory test and to prevent further complications. probably, you have ever used a heparin lock in order to infusion of medicines but, it is possible that you never use of that for blood sampling. both two pr...

1 The PLL (Phase Lock Loop) can synchronize with a deterministic input wave or with a random input symbols. In the first case we have a WPLL (Wave Phase Lock Loop) and in the second case we have a SPLL (Symbol Phase Lock Loop. The WPLL (Wave Phase Lock Loop) is also known as WLL (Wave Lock Loop) or only PLL (Phase Lock Loop). The SPLL (Symbol Phase Lock Loop) is also known as SLL (Symbol Lock L...

In this paper, we present the PR-lock, a prioritized spin-lock mutual exclusion algorithm for real time systems. The PR-lock is a contention-free spin lock, in which blocked processes spin on locally stored or cached variables. In contrast to previous work on prioritized spin locks, our algorithm maintains a pointer to the lock holder. As a result, our spin lock can support priority inheritance...

introduction: direction and latency of electrical connectivity between different sites of brain explains brain neural functionality. we compared efficiency of cross correlation and phase locking methods in time lag estimation which are based on local field potential (lfp) and lfpspike signals, respectively. methods: signals recorded from mt area of a macaque’s brain was used in a simulation app...

Highly concurrent and reliable data objects are vital for parallel programming. Lock-free shared data objects are highly concurrent and guarantee that at least one operation, from a set of concurrently executed operations, finishes after a finite number of steps regardless of the state of the other operations. Lock-free data objects provide progress guarantees on the object level. In this paper...