Much of the current theory of adaptation is based on Gillespie's mutational landscape model (MLM), which assumes that the fitness values of genotypes linked by single mutational steps are independent random variables. On the other hand, a growing body of empirical evidence shows that real fitness landscapes, while possessing a considerable amount of ruggedness, are smoother than predicted by th...

Study designs involving clustering in some study arms, but not all study arms, are common in clinical treatment-outcome and educational settings. For instance, in a treatment arm, persons may be nested in therapy groups, whereas in a control arm there are no groups. Methodological approaches for handling such partially nested designs have recently been developed in a multilevel modeling framewo...

Because clinical databases vary in structure, access methods and vocabulary used to represent data, the Arden Syntax does not define a standard model for querying databases. Consequently, database queries are encoded in ad hoc ways and enclosed in "curly braces" in Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). However, the nonstandard representation of queries impairs sharing of MLMs, an impediment that has co...

In the development process of the information of the mining engineering, it is difficult to directly exchange and share information in the different phases and different application system, which causes the information isolation and information gap due to lack of unified data exchange standards and information integration mechanism. The purpose of this research is to build a modeling framework ...

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of the teak germplasm bank, using morphological traits and inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Thirty clones were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, and each plot was composed of three plants. A joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables was performed using the Gower algorithm. Qua...

The objectives of this study were to use mixed models to confirm the presence of genetic variability in 16 soybean genotypes, to compare clusters generated by artificial neural networks (ANNs) with those created by the Ward modified location model (MLM) technique, and to indicate parental combinations that hold promise for obtaining superior segregating populations of soybean. A field trial was...

False positives in a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) can be effectively controlled by a fixed effect and random effect Mixed Linear Model (MLM) that incorporates population structure and kinship among individuals to adjust association tests on markers; however, the adjustment also compromises true positives. The modified MLM method, Multiple Loci Linear Mixed Model (MLMM), incorporates mul...

This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing ratings of toddlers from 14 nations. Multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures were utilized to regress negative emotionality (NE) and component subscales on Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions while controlling for age gender. More individualistic values associated with lower NE, discomfort, fear, motor activity, perceptual...

Skema penjualan multi-level-marketing (MLM) banyak diperdebatkan terutama dari perspektif Islam. Namun, saat ini mulai ditemui produk MLM syariah yang masih terbatas diteliti dalam literatur terkait faktor mempengaruhi minat beli konsumen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor niat multi-level marketing halal. menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria mitra bisnis (ang...