leishmania is a protozoan parasite belonging to the family trypanosomatidae, which is found among 88 different countries. the parasite lives as an amastigote in vertebrate macro­phages and as a promastigote in the digestive tract of sand fly. it can be cultured in the laboratory us­ing appropriate culture media. although the sexual cycle of leishmania has not been observed during the promastigo...

RNA processing is essential factor for synthesis of functional and structural proteins in eukaryote cells. In eukaryote organisms it will be initiated with transcription of DNA in nucleolus and terminated to mRNA translation in cytoplasm, finally mRNA degraded. Protein synthesis followed as different steps, includes 5' capping, poly adenylating, processing and transferring from nucleolus to cyt...

Isolation of high-quality RNA is one of the most crucial methods in molecular biology. RNA extraction from woody plants has been problematic due to the presence of rigid and woody tissues, large amounts of polysaccharides, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites. Here we present a suitable protocol for RNA isolation from a wide range of woody plants that includes eight gymnosperms and four ...

ضرورت دسترسی به کاربردهای وسیع تصاویر ابرطیفی سبب توسعة سیستم‌های تصویربرداری نوآورانه و اقتصادی در ثبت این شده است. به‌منظور استفاده از تصاویر، لازم است ارتباط هندسی دقیقی میان آنها فضای زمین برقرار شود فرایند نیازمند نقاط کنترلی بسیاری نکته راهکارهای اصلاح منطبق با ساختار هریک دوربین‌ها را بارز می‌کند. سنجندة (nm 400-1000) BaySpec OCI-F یکی نوآورانه‌ای که هندسة پوش‌بروم دریافت سنجنده، علاوه‌ب...

RNA extraction is a prerequisite technique for gene expression studies, analyzing the etiology and disease progression, treatment effects, as well as designing the diagnostic methods. Although many RNA extraction kits have been commercialized, but these kits are expensive and are not accessible in some countries. Many studies have shown that TRIzol is an applicable material for the RNA extracti...

شب پره جوانه خوار بلوط Tortrix viridana, Linnaeus, 1758 (Lep. Tortricidae) یکی از آفات مهم گونه های مختلف جنس Quercus spp. می باشد. لاروهای این آفت ها و برگ درختان تغذیه نمایند باعث بی برگی کامل مورد نظر شوند. در تحقیق تفاوت ژنتیکی پروانه با استفاده مارکرهای ISSR بر اساس میزبان آن جنگل شمال غرب ایران مطالعه قرار گرفت. 19 جمعیت شامل 171 فرد که سه branti Lindl. 1840, infectoria Oliv. 1801 libani ...