Teamwork forms the basis for innumerable approaches to workplace reorganization and its popularity appears to continue unabated. This is despite the predictions of institutional economics and social psychology that teamwork is an intrinsically inefficient form of organization. This paper examines the objections to teamwork raised by these two disciplines, focusing on the problems of “free ridin...

People have been shown to exhibit social loafing when working as a team, and these effects are thought to be enhanced when working in distributed contexts. This paper reports on an experiment that examined the effect of activity awareness on feelings of connectedness and willingness to work in virtual teams. The results show that activity awareness indeed had a significant impact on feelings of...

The diurnal distribution and abundance dynamics of loafing Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) were examined at Protection Island National Wildlife Refuge, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. Asynchronous movement of gulls among three habitat patches dedicated to loafing was modeled as a function of environmental variables using differential equations. Multiple time scale analysis led to ...

In light of the aging population and rapid growth people with mental physical disabilities, demand for long-term care has increased significantly. order to meet massive need care, government Republic China accelerated training manpower services, number qualified staff institutions in industry accordingly. Although employees increased, they face problems such as low pay, levels decent work feeli...

Cyber ​​threats have been extraordinary increased in recent years. Cyber ​​attackers, including government agencies or hackers, have made significant advances in the use of various tools for attacking target systems in some countries particularly on Islamic republic of Iran. The complexity of cyber threats and the devastating effects of them on critical systems highlights necessity of cyber thr...

The present paper addresses an effective cyber defense model by applying information fusion based game theoretical approaches‎. ‎In the present paper, we are trying to improve previous models by applying stochastic optimal control and robust optimization techniques‎. ‎Jump processes are applied to model different and complex situations in cyber games‎. ‎Applying jump processes we propose some m...

The development and improvement of electronic communication instruments and means in postmodern societies with fast intention has caused further multiplication in meanings and content of the communication itself. On the other hand the involvement of cyber space in our privacy has caused massive personality changes in people particularly the youth, In a way that individuals are separated from re...