Introduction
 Post-dural punction headache (PDH) is defined as an orthostatic that develops within the first few days after performing a spinal tap and it related to extravasation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into epidural space, resulting in hypovolemia CSF hypotension. The risk factors for PDH are not yet fully understood. 
 Objective
 To evaluate spontaneously reported accordi...

In order to does this study, 150 Persian sturgeons having 75g mean weight transferred to 500 liter tanks. After dividing the fishes into two groups (experimental and control), the fingerlings fed by concentrate food that contained different levels of Zataria multiflora essential oil (15, 25, 50, 100 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Finally, sampling carried out on blood and serum of fishes. After preparing t...

CLINICAL CASE No intraocular biopsy technique is free of risk and all have the possibility of giving false negatives due to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient sample. A modified chorioretinal biopsy was performed on a patient with suspected choroidal melanoma after negative biopsy with 25G vitrectomy. In addition to removing a solid fragment of tumor material using bimanual surgery, mater...

Abstract Aim To evaluate the primary anatomical success and visual outcomes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) undergoing 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25g PPV) surgery Pakistan. Method This is a five-year retrospective, interventional cohort study of 418 consecutive RRD who underwent 25g PPV. Surgeries were performed by two experienced surgeons at tertiary care hospital...

Pure and antimony doped SnO2 thin films have been prepared by the sol-gel dip coating technique on glass substrate using starting material SnCl2.2H2O as a host and SbCl3 as a dopant. Our experimental results revealed that, the quality of the coated films on the glass depends on process parameters. The effect of annealing temperature, dipping numbe...

STUDY The efficiency of two commercial PCR methods based on real-time technology, the foodproof® Salmonella detection system and the BAX® PCR Assay Salmonella system was compared to standardized culture methods (EN ISO 6579:2002 - Annex D) for the detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four sample matrices (feed, dust, boot swabs, feces) obtained directly from p...

Cancer prevention guidelines recommend limiting intake of red meat and avoiding processed meat; however, few studies have been conducted on the effects of specific red meat subtypes on colon cancer or rectal cancer risk. The study aim was to evaluate associations between intake of red meat and its subtypes, processed meat, fish, and poultry and risk for colon cancer or rectal cancer in the Dani...

We investigated inflammatory and physiologic parameters in sepsis models of increasing lethality induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice received imipenem for antibiotic therapy, and groups were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after CLP. The severity of sepsis increased with needle puncture size (lethality with 18-gauge puncture [18G], 100%; 21G, 50%; 25G, 5%; sham treatm...