The freshwater protozoan Paramecium multimicronucleatum maintains a constant cytosolic osmolarity through the exocytotic activity of its contractile vacuole complex. The contractile vacuole (CV) expels the excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, to the exterior of the cell at fairly regular intervals. In a single exocytotic cycle, the CV swells as the cytosolic water enters the vacuole, r...

The contractile vacuole (CV) system is the osmoregulatory organelle required for survival for many free-living cells under hypotonic conditions. We identified a new CV regulator, Disgorgin, a TBC-domain-containing protein, which translocates to the CV membrane at the late stage of CV charging and regulates CV-plasma membrane fusion and discharging. disgorgin(-) cells produce large CVs due to im...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this ecological study was to evaluate whether any changes in cardiovascular (CV) medicine utilization, population, socioeconomic and health system factors were associated with CV mortality in Lithuania, Sweden and Norway in 2003-2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS CV drug utilization was calculated using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology and...

The interactive effects of salinity stress (0.90 MPa NaCl) and seeds presoaking in 100 ppm. nicotinamide (vitamin PP) in three sorghum cultivars (Dorado, Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113) were studied to examine their response to salinity stress and the possible role played by vitamin PP in regulating saltinduced changes in seedling growth, protein patterns and some relevant metabolic activities of...

Phase transformation cyclic voltammetry (CV) was developed by integrating mixed-control phase transformation theory and charge transfer effect with traditional CV model. This mixed-control phase transformation CV model was validated by good agreement between experimental CV data and simulated values from phase transformation CV for LiFePO4. The lithium ion diffusion coefficient (10-16 m2 s-1) o...

In Drosophila, the secreted BMP-binding protein Short gastrulation (Sog) inhibits signaling by sequestering BMPs from receptors, but enhances signaling by transporting BMPs through tissues. We show that Crossveinless 2 (Cv-2) is also a secreted BMP-binding protein that enhances or inhibits BMP signaling. Unlike Sog, however, Cv-2 does not promote signaling by transporting BMPs. Rather, Cv-2 bin...

Cortical vesicles (CV) possess components critical to the mechanism of exocytosis. The homotypic fusion of CV centrifuged or settled into contact has a sigmoidal Ca 2 1 activity curve comparable to exocytosis (CV–PM fusion). Here we show that Sr 2 1 and Ba 2 1 also trigger CV–CV fusion, and agents affecting different steps of exocytotic fusion block Ca 2 1 , Sr 2 1 , and Ba 2 1 triggered CV–CV ...

Cortical vesicles (CV) possess components critical to the mechanism of exocytosis. The homotypic fusion of CV centrifuged or settled into contact has a sigmoidal Ca 2 1 activity curve comparable to exocytosis (CV–PM fusion). Here we show that Sr 2 1 and Ba 2 1 also trigger CV–CV fusion, and agents affecting different steps of exocytotic fusion block Ca 2 1 , Sr 2 1 , and Ba 2 1 triggered CV–CV ...

A simple, rapid and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of piperine in Ayurvedic formulation Chitrakadi Vati. Three marketed preparations of Chitrakadi Vati containing black pepper (Piper nigrum) and pippali (Piper longum) from different manufacturer (CV-1, CV-2 and CV-3) were taken in this study to estimate the % w/w of piperine. The % w/w content of piperin...