Zorro-LNA (Zorro) is a newly developed, oligonucleotide (ON)-based, Z-shaped construct with the potential of specific binding to each strand of duplex DNA. The first-generation Zorros are formed by two hybridized LNA/DNA mixmers (2-ON Zorros) and was hypothesized to strand invade. We have now established a method, which conclusively demonstrates that an LNA ON can strand invade into duplex DNA....

Heterosynaptic enhancement of transmitter release is potentially very important for neuronal computation, yet, to our knowledge, no prior study has shown that stimulation of one neuron directly enhances release from an interneuron. Here, we demonstrate that in the marine mollusk Tritonia diomedea, the serotonergic dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs) heterosynaptically increase the amount of transmi...

BACKGROUND Disease State Index (DSI) and its visualization, Disease State Fingerprint (DSF), form a computer-assisted clinical decision making tool that combines patient data and compares them with cases with known outcomes. AIMS To investigate the ability of the DSI to diagnose frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The study cohort consisted of 38 patients wit...

DSI of the brain promises the visualization of neural connectivity previously unattainable by noninvasive means [1]. Previously, DSI has been limited to use with cooperative and motivated volunteers due to the long study times required, typically 20 to 30 minutes. These long scan times are both due to the need for hundreds of diffusion encoding axes at high b-values in DSI and the need for full...

Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) are produced and mobilized in a cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i)-dependent manner, and they regulate excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release by acting as retrograde messengers. An indirect but real-time bioassay for this process on GABAergic transmission is DSI (depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition). The magnitude of DSI correlates linearly with ...

BACKGROUND Hemodialysis patients have a high physical and psychosocial symptom burden. There is no valid and reliable tool for assessing symptoms of hemodialysis patients in Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the dialysis symptom index (DSI). PATIENTS AND METHODS The forward-backward procedure was applied to translate th...

Basics The Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) is designed as an objective and quantitative correlate of voice quality. It is based on a multivariate analysis of an extended database of more than 1000 normal and pathologic voices for the multi-center study trial initiated by the Belgian Study Group on Voice Disorders (Van de Heyning, et al., 1996). Per patient, more than 45 voice characteristics and...

The mechanisms by which dietary sodium modulates cardiovascular risk are not fully understood. This study investigated whether sodium intake is related to carotid structure and hemodynamics and to plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in hypertensive adults. One hundred thirty-four participants were cross-sectionally evaluated by clinical history, anthropometry, carotid ultrasound, and...

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to validate a Korean version of the self-report Depressive Symptom Inventory-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS). METHODS 553 South Korean undergraduate students (aged 18-34 years, 74.8% females) completed questionnaires. Participants completed Korean versions of the self-report Depressive Symptom Inventory-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS), Beck Depression Inventory-I...