Japan regained the status of freedom from foot and mouth disease (FMD) without vaccination in September 2000 and the Republic of Korea likewise obtained this status in September 2001. However, new outbreaks of FMD caused by the pan-Asian topotype have occurred in pigs in the Republic of Korea since May 2002. Taipei China has not experienced an outbreak of FMD since February 2001 and the country...

F ibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic disease of medium-sized vessels that can present with arterial stenosis, beading, dissection, and aneurysm. While the most common sites of FMD are the renal and extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, FMD has been reported in most arterial segments. FMD does not affect the venous system. During the past decade, there has been a resurge...

BACKGROUND Mexican-Americans (MA) exhibit increases in various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), yet are reported to have lower CVD mortality rates. Our aim was to help explain this apparent paradox by evaluating endothelial function and urine albumin levels in MA and NHW. METHODS One hundred-five MA and 100 NHW adults were studied by brachial ar...

BACKGROUND Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a possible cause of stroke, especially in middle-aged women. However, only few reports are available on ultrasonographic detection and monitoring. METHODS Among the 15,000 patients who underwent color Doppler imaging (CDI) of the cervicocephalic arteries during the study period, all cases fulfilling ultrasound criteria of FMD were included into the ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involves small- and medium-sized arteries, being a well-known cause of hypertension in young Caucasian women, when renal arteries are involved. The etiology of FMD remains unknown, despite many theories. A genetic component is suspected to exist, because the pathology affects primarily Caucasians. Association between FMD and the HLA-DRw6 histocompatibility antigen ...

BACKGROUND The reproducibility of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) is limited by the operator dependence of most measurement methods. METHODS A new automated computerized analysis of brachial artery ultrasound scan providing a continuous evolution of the diameter during acute hyperemia, reactive to short hyperemia of the forearm and hand, was tested in 10 normal volunteers a...

The Global Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Research Alliance periodically reviews the state of FMD research to assess progress and to identify new priorities. In this supplement we provide an update of global FMD research, comprising (i) this overview paper, which includes background information with key findings, and papers covering (ii) epidemiology, wildlife and economics, (iii) vaccines, (iv) ...

BACKGROUND The relationship between impaired brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and subsequent clinical cardiovascular events is not well established, especially in older adults whose FMD is often diminished. We assessed the hypothesis that FMD predicts incident cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort of older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS FMD was measured at the 1997 to 1998 Card...