BACKGROUND Adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are thought to contribute to the airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) of allergic asthma. Some differences from allergic asthma have been noted, including airway neutrophilia, and the involvement of ICAM-1 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma is currently unclear. OBJECTIVE We utilized mice l...

AIM Myocardial performance index (MPI) is usually measured with pulsed wave Doppler (PWD). Our aim was to assess the degree of agreement between PWD and a method based on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-five patients with prior myocardial infarction and 20 healthy subjects underwent measurement of time intervals and MPI with PWD and pulsed TDI at septal and lateral s...

BACKGROUND  Both the left atrial volume index (LAVI) and estimated total atrial conduction time measured using tissue Doppler imaging of the atria (PA-TDI duration) are echocardiographic parameters reflecting atrial remodeling. We investigated their prognostic value for atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF/AT) recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF...

Occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a known occupational hazard and the occupational exposure limits in air are very low. One of the most common methods to monitor exposure to isocyanates is to sample air through filters impregnated with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine (2MP). In one earlier field study it was found that long-term sampling with 2MP-filters underestimated the ex...

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a highly reactive industrial chemical with widespread use in the manufacture of polyurethane and plastics, is the leading cause of occupational asthma associated with chemical exposure. We report the effects of TDI vapor (20, 100, 500, 1000 ppb) in vitro on differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells. Increased mucus was observed by electron microscopy at all TDI...

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is typically used to image and quantify tissue motion. We investigated whether this method would serve as a viable alternative to surface electromyography (EMG) in providing a reliable and valid measure of the onset of muscle activity. Ten healthy subjects performed maximal knee extension exercises at 0 degrees /s (isometric), 60 degrees /s, 120 degrees /s, 180 degr...

BACKGROUND Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a highly reactive compound used in the production of, e.g., polyurethane foams and paints. TDI is known to cause respiratory symptoms and diseases. Because TDI causes symptoms in only a fraction of exposed workers, genetic factors may play a key role in disease susceptibility. METHODS Workers (N = 132) exposed to TDI and a non-exposed group (N = 114) w...

OBJECTIVE Tissue Doppler echocardiography is being increasingly used in fetal medicine as a clinical and research tool. The objective of this study was to review the current status of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) techniques applied to the fetus. METHODS Fetal cardiac function was evaluated using spectral and color TDI modes in normal fetuses and in several clinical conditions. RESULTS Annul...

The goal of the research was to construct a model for calculating Tourism Development Index (TDI) at local level. TDI is based on ten indicators: total number beds, beds per 100 residents, in hotels and similar establishments, establishments tourist arrivals, arrivals capita, overnight stays, stays employed tourism hospitality share employment. Based TDI, 556 cities/towns municipalities were ca...

AIM To explore the relationship between problem behaviour and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among 15- to 16-year-old schoolchildren from East London. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from 794 adolescents who participated in phase III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a school-based prospective study of a representative sample of adol...