Background: Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) could obtain ventricular volume and ejection fraction rapidly non-invasively without relying on morphology. This study aims to use RT-3DE evaluate the changes in biventricular systolic function children with septal defect (VSD) moderate severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) before surgery. Methods: In this 18 VSD PH (VSD + Group) he...

Steroid hormones regulate a host of physiological processes and behaviors. These actions can occur by genomic mechanisms involving gene transcription or by nongenomic mechanisms proposed to involve receptors associated with the plasma membrane. BSA-conjugated steroid hormones have been extensively used to elucidate signal transduction pathways for these hormones. We have previously shown, using...

The role of the albumin-carried fatty acids in the induction of tubulointerstitial injury was studied in protein-overload proteinuria. Rats were injected with fatty acid-carrying BSA [FA(+)BSA], fatty acid-depleted BSA [FA(-)BSA], or saline. Macrophage infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining, apoptotic cells were detected by in situ end labeling, and proliferating cells were i...

BSA is unfolded by the surfactant CPB and is complexed with Tb (Tb–BSA–CPB). At the excitation wavelength of 290 nm, both BSA and CPB get excited. The CPB emission, which is comparatively blue shifted (310 nm) than that of BSA (340 nm), overlaps with the absorption band of BSA resulting in the energy transfer from CPB to BSA. BSA transfers its energy to Tb, which emits at 490 and 545 nm. When G...

Recent studies demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates glucose homeostasis and that ER stress preconditioning which induces an adaptive, protective unfolded protein response (UPR) offers cytoprotection against nephrotoxins. Thus the aim of the present study was to use renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) to further elucidate the link between the BSA-induced ER stress and alp...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and essentially fatty acid-free BSA (BSA-FAF) on the biliary clearance of compounds in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes. Unbound fraction, biliary excretion index (BEI), and unbound intrinsic biliary clearance (intrinsic Clbiliary') were determined for digoxin, pravastatin, and taurocholate in the absenc...

Immune cells induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its methylated derivative (MBSA) have been compared in a cooperative cell transfer system for their content of BSA-specific antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP, B) and BSA-specific helper (T) cells. When MBSA immune cells were transferred together with hapten-primed cells into recipient mice which were stimulated by a hapten-BSA conjugat...

Nanoencapsulation of antioxidant molecules on protein nanoparticles (NPs) could be an advanced approach for providing stable, better food nutraceuticals and anticancer drugs. The bioavailability and stability of catechin (CAT) and epicatechin (ECAT) were very poor. In the present study, the CAT and ECAT were loaded on bovine serum albumin (BSA) NPs following desolvation method. The transmission...