This paper analyzes the impact of carbon taxes on the Japanese economy using an applied/computable general equilibrium model. This analysis sheds light on both the efficiency and the equity issues of these policies. The study shows that some alleviation measures, e.g. tax differentiation, might be required to ease the damages caused to energy intensive industries. Moreover, considering the regr...

This paper analyzes the role of yardstick competition for improving political decisions. We examine how performance comparisons across jurisdictions affect the agency problem resulting from uncertainty about politicians (adverse selection) and their policies (moral hazard). We study two forms of inefficiency: the provision of wasteful project and the failure to provide useful project .We find a...

This paper focuses on two core tax design issues that arise in addressing current fiscal challenges. It first explores the idea, prominent in troubled Eurozone countries, of a “fiscal devaluation”: shifting from social contributions to the VAT as a way to mimic a nominal devaluation. Empirical evidence is presented which suggests that in Eurozone countries this may indeed improve the trade bala...

Documentation IZAΨMOD: The IZA Policy SImulation MODel This paper describes IZAΨMOD, the policy microsimulation model of the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). The model uses household microdata from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study and firm data from the German linked employer-employee dataset LIAB. IZAΨMOD consists of three components: First, a static module simulates the effects of ...

This paper characterizes a stationary Markov-perfect political equilibrium where agents vote over income taxation that distorts educational investment. Agents become rich or poor through educational investment, and the poor have a second chance at success. The results show the following concerning the cost of a second chance. First, when the cost is low, the economy is characterized by high lev...

We study the benefits of private entrepreneurs entering into politics in China. Using original hand-collected data on political participation of entrepreneurs that control listed firms, we document evidence of rent seeking through their political networks and several potential channels through which rent seeking is realized. It is shown that political participation results in increased stock pe...

Three mechanisms of oxygen reduction by chloroplast lamellae in the presence of autoxidizable electron acceptors can be differentiated by product analyis in the presence or absence of either dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) : 1) H20 2 is the product of two-electron oxygen reduction by 2,3-dimethyl-5,6-methylenedioxy-pbenzoquinone, involving only photosystem II. This rea...

A broad range of tax reforms have been implemented in Kenya the post-independence period with objective increasing revenue for promoting economic growth reduced reliance on external funding. Most targeted broadening base. However, collections remain inadequate, and deficits persisted. Past studies looked at effects foreign sector, stage development, demographic factors sectoral mix revenue. The...

Abstract. The main provisions of the conceptualization introduction social innovations in education and science, which constitute internal content is one essential forms economic development modern society, are substantiated. It has been studied that leading countries terms number most innovative companies world industrialized countries, high-income as United Kingdom (not a member EU since 2020...

Many-body effects were examined in a series of molecular dynamics computer simulations on the ionic aqueous clusters Na+ (H,O), (n = 4,5,6,14) and Cl(H,O), (n = 4,5,6,7,8,14). Two potential models were used in the simulations. In one model (TIP4P) the potential was pairwise additive, while in the second model (SPCE/POL) the many body effects were explicitly included through a self-consistent po...