Noise pollution is a critical factor affecting public health, the relationship between road traffic noise (RTN) and several diseases in urban areas being especially disturbing. The Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC and the CNOSSOS-EU framework are the main instruments of the European Union to identify and combat noise pollution, requiring Member States to compose and publish noise maps a...

5 The Reticular Thalamic Nucleus (RTN) of the mouse is characterized by an overwhelming majority of 6 GABAergic neurons receiving afferences from both the thalamus and the cerebral cortex and sending projections 7 mainly on thalamo-cortical neurons. The RTN neurons express high levels of the “slow Ca2+ buffer” parvalbu8 min (PV) and are characterized by low-threshold Ca2+ currents, IT. We perfo...

In highly scaled MOSFETs, random telegraph noise (RTN) can decrease the reliability and yield of circuits. RTN is produced by charge trapping, which in large devices results $1/f$ noise. We derived analytical formulations for modeling...

Methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (IHg), lead (Pb), amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and rotenone (RTN) are well-known toxicants. Here, we demonstrate that these five toxicants exhibit differing effects on cerebrocortical neurons. The concentration responsible for 30% loss of viability (EC30) values 3 days after exposure was approximately 100nM for MeHg, IHg, and RTN and 10μM for Aβ. Neuritic dege...

BACKGROUND Currently, antegrade intramedullary nailing and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) represent the main surgical alternatives in distal tibial fractures. However, neither choice is optimal for all bony and soft tissue injuries. The Retrograde Tibial Nail (RTN) is a small-caliber prototype implant, which is introduced through a 2-cm-long incision at the tip of the medial mal...

Combined optogenetic activation of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN; a CO2/proton-activated brainstem nucleus) with nearby catecholaminergic neurons (C1 and A5), or selective C1 neuron stimulation, increases blood pressure (BP) and breathing, causes arousal from non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and triggers sighs. Here we wished to determine which of these physiological responses are elic...

44 Ventral respiratory column (VRC) circuits that modulate breathing in response to changes in 45 central chemoreceptor drive are incompletely understood. We employed multi-electrode arrays 46 and spike train correlation methods to test predictions of the hypothesis that pre-Bötzinger 47 complex (pre-BötC) and retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial (RTN-pF) circuits cooperate in 48 chemoreceptor-evo...

Allan deviation provides a means to characterize the time-dependence of noise in oscillators and potentially identify source characteristics. Measurements on 130 nm, 7-stage ring oscillator show that declines from 300 K 150 as expected, but surprisingly increases 11 K. At low temperatures, measured can be well fit using few random telegraph (RTN) sources over range kilohertz gigahertz. Further,...

27 Combined optogenetic activation of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN, a CO2/proton28 activated brainstem nucleus) with nearby catecholaminergic neurons (C1 and A5), or selective 29 C1 neuron stimulation, increases blood pressure (BP) and breathing, causes arousal from non30 REM sleep and triggers sighs. Here we wished to determine which of these physiological 31 responses are elicited when RTN...

In this study, the molecular state of ritonavir (RTN)-saccharin (SAC) coamorphous incorporated into mesoporous silica by solvent evaporation and effect SAC on RTN dissolution from mesopores were investigated. The amorphization RTN-SAC was confirmed as a halo pattern in powder X-ray diffraction measurements single glass transition event modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) curve. 1...