Gene electrotransfer is gaining momentum as an efficient methodology for nonviral gene transfer. In skeletal muscle, data suggest that electric pulses play two roles: structurally permeabilizing the muscle fibers and electrophoretically supporting the migration of DNA toward or across the permeabilized membrane. To investigate this further, combinations of permeabilizing short high-voltage puls...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) environment plays a critical role in organism development and disease. Surface sensitive microscopy techniques for studying the structural and chemical properties of ECMs are often performed in high vacuum (HV) environments. In this report, we examine the affect HV conditions have on the bioactivity and mechanical properties of type I collagen fibrillar matrices. ...

We displayed backward/forward motion on a computer monitor in the ground plane. Subjects looked at the center of a moving pattern and eye movements of both eyes were recorded with a search coil system. Involuntary nystagmus including vertical version (VV) and horizontal vergence (HV) was recorded. Dynamics of the nystagmus showed that the slow and quick phase of VV and HV were always associated...

Liver tumors involving hepatic vein (HV) at caval confluence have been always considered an indication for major hepatectomy and/or HV reconstruction. However; careful study by means of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) of tumor-vein relations and HV anatomy searching for accessory veins, together with color-Doppler IOUS analysis of portal flow, allows more conservative approaches also in t...

In situ observation of absorption spectral change of heptil viologen cation radical (HV ) was performed by slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy utilizing indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes. Synchronizing with electrochemical techniques, we observed the adsorption process of HV on the ITO electrode. In this study, we carried out the ITO-SOWG observations using KBr aqueous solution containin...

High multivitamin gestational diets (HV, 10-fold AIN-93G levels) increase body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) in rat offspring weaned to a recommended multivitamin (RV), but not to a HV diet. We hypothesized that high vitamin A (HA) alone, similar to HV, in post-weaning diets would prevent these effects of the HV maternal diet consistent with gene expression in FI and reward pathways. Male of...

presence of distributed generation (dg) in electric distribution systems provides an attractive new alternative in capacity expansion planning of these systems. in this paper a new model is developed for solving simultaneous placement of hv/mv substations and dg units as a static planning tool. this model aims to minimize fixed and variable costs of planning. constraints related to dgs, substat...

Indirect evidence suggests accelerated degradation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (ENDO) by superoxide anion (O2-) in hypercholesterolemic vessels (HV). To directly measure O2- production by normal vessels (NV) and HV, we used an assay for O2- based on the chemiluminescence (CL) of lucigenin (L). HV (1 mo cholesterol-fed rabbits) produced threefold more O2- than NV (1.47 +/- 0.20 nM/mg tis...

Electroporation is an effective alternative to viral methods to significantly improve DNA transfection after intradermal and topical delivery. The aim of the study was to check whether a combination of a short high-voltage pulse (HV) to permeabilize the skin cells and a long low-voltage pulse (LV) to transfer DNA by electrophoresis was more efficient to enhance DNA expression than conventional ...