We introduce a model allowing convenient calculation of the spectral reflectance and transmittance of duplex prints. It is based on flux transfer matrices and enables retrieving classical Kubelka-Munk formulas, as well as extended formulas for nonsymmetric layers. By making different assumptions on the flux transfers, we obtain two predictive models for the duplex halftone prints: the "duplex C...

A computer simulation was performed to investigate the optimum combinations of threeand four-chromatic inks in order to maximize the color gamut for halftone printing. A virtual printing model was created based on the YuleNielsen-spectral-Neugebauer equations and Kubelka-Munk turbid media theory and was used to predict the spectral reflectances and colorimetric coordinates of prints. In this ma...

We present a prediction model for digital printers and more specifically for electrophotographic devices. On the one hand, we propose an electrophotographic simulation model which estimates the microscopic structure of any printed toner layer based on its input halftone bitmap. Applying BOUGUER–BEER–LAMBERT’s law, the obtained spatial toner arrangement yields the spectral transmittance distribu...

We present a new method to estimate color gamut from primary color spectra only. By using this method, the number of prints and measurements for printer characterization is greatly reduced, which is of particular importance if there are many ink candidates to be combined. The method consists in building a mapping between primary color spectra and their combinations, based on a training set. The...

Traditionally, Computer Colorant Formulation has been implemented using a theory of radiation transfer known as the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory. In recent studies, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been put forward for dealing with color formulation problems. This paper investigates the ability of Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a particular machine learning technique, to help color adjustmen...

In this work optical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were studied. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method followed by a hydrothermal treatment using tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TIOT) and 2-propanol. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/DRS) and nitrogen adsorption-desorpti...

The use of multiple substrates in color printers requires color characterization for each of the individual media. A full re-characterization for each substrate is measurement and labor intensive. In this paper, a variety of methods are proposed and evaluated for determining the color characterization for a new substrate based on a complete characterization on a reference substrate and a small ...

هرمنوتیک فلسفی یکی از نظریات تفسیر متون در غرب پس رنسانس است که تحولاتی را تفکر معرفتی برخی نواندیشان مسلمان ایجاد نمود. این نظریه افزون بر اختلاف مبانی و اصول، سبب نسبی‌گرایی پلورالیسم تفسیری می‌شود. اندیشمندان حوزة قرآن کریم با غفلت پیامدها پذیرش سعی تطبیق مسئلة پایان‌ناپذیری فهم دارند، بنابراین تحلیل مقایسة دو ضرورت دارد. پژوهش هدف انتقادی روش تحلیلی- تطبیقی درصدد بررسی مؤلفه‌های تفاوت آن اس...

We extend the applicability of the recently revised Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory to inhomogeneous optical media by treating inhomogeneous ink penetration of the substrate. We propose a method for describing light propagation in either homogeneous or inhomogeneous layers using series representations for the K-M scattering and absorption coefficients as well as for intensities of the upward and down...