The Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász lattice basis reduction algorithm (called LLL or L3) is a fundamental tool in computational number theory and theoretical computer science, which can be viewed as an efficient algorithmic version of Hermite’s inequality on Hermite’s constant. Given an integer d-dimensional lattice basis with vectors of Euclidean norm less than B in an ndimensional space, the L3 algori...

AIM OF THE STUDY Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common throughout the world. Most HCCs are diagnosed at an advanced stage. There is an urgent need to find new methods for screening and surveillance of individuals at risk for HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum α-fetoprotein (AFP)-L3 and serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) detection in diagnosis of HCC with different AFP concentration....

Japan is the only country where alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-L3 can be measured in the routine clinical setting. Since AFP-L3 examination has been covered by health insurance in Japan for over 10 years, it is now routinely measured during general medical checkups for patients with chronic liver disease. To increase the specificity of AFP, the AFP-L3 glycoform can be used as a measure of cancerous ch...

Having close kinship to Brugia malayi, B. pahangi is a member of the family Filariidae, which causes lymphatic filariasis in dogs and cats. Although this nematode is unlikely to cause a zoonotic disease in humans, study of the B. pahangi life cycle may help control human filariasis. The objective of this study was to examine microfilarial rates and densities of B. pahangi in experimentally indu...

We have used antibodies directed against the 16.5 kilodalton protein L3, the most abundant integral protein of maize (Zea mays L. cv Mo 17) lipid bodies, to follow the fate of this protein in scutellar parenchyma cells of maize during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Using gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting as well as immunocytochemical electron microscopy, we found that the amou...

Water striders, a group of semi-aquatic bugs adapted to life on the water surface, have evolved mid-legs (L2) that are long relative to their hind-legs (L3). This novel appendage ground plan is a derived feature among insects, where L2 function as oars and L3 as rudders. The Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is known to increase appendage size in a variety of insects. Using gene expression and RNAi ...