Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) regulates physiological processes in the brain, such as learning and memory, and plays a critical role in neuronal survival and neuroinflammation in pathological conditions. Here we demonstrate, by combining mouse in vitro and in vivo data, that tPA is an important element of the cross talk between neurons and astrocytes. The data show that tPA released b...

A potent tumor promoter of mouse skin, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), inhibits terminal differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells (FELC). The differentiation of FELC induced by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) was almost completely inhibited by the presence of 100 ng TPA per ml (1.7 x 10'' M) for a period of 8 months through 58 serial passages of the cells in a medium contai...

The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent inducer of differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Recently, TPA has been successfully administered to patients with myelocytic leukemia and has produced therapeutic effects that led to temporary remission. These studies demonstrated the potential efficacy of TPA in cancer chemotherapy. We now seek to under...

Signaling theory provides the framework to address three main research questions: (1) How accurately do consumers notice and recollect TPA seals on retail Web sites? (2) How familiar are consumers with major TPA seals? and (3) How accurately do consumers understand the assurances represented by the TPA seals? Results of this study of three major TPA seals (TRUSTe, BBBOnLine Reliability, and Ver...

Papillomas induced in SENCAR mice by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promotion by treatment for 10-12 weeks with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) convert to malignancy at a low frequency. The rate of malignant conversion can be increased by either (a) promoting with TPA for a shorter duration or (h) treatment of papilloma-bearing mice with certain genotoxic chemical...

There is evidence that increased release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) contributes to stress responsivity during cocaine withdrawal (WD). Recent studies suggest that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the CeA is a downstream effector protein for CRF after acute "binge" cocaine administration. The purpose of this study was to determine if...

Effects of DL-palmitoylcarnitine (PC), an inhibitor of calciumactivated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell differentiation were investigated in human promyelocytic leuke mia cells (HL-60). TPA caused HL-60 cell adhesion concomitant with morphological changes, and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The medi...

Tumor-promoting phorbol diesters were shown to suppress natural killing in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The inhibitory effect of different phorbol diesters and their analogues correlated with their potency as tumor promoters, the most effective agent being 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Both peripheral blood cells and targets specifically bound TPA, and natura...

Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) traditionally demands baseline imaging to rule out intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which causes delays in treatment. Preventing possible adverse effects of tPA on ICH would allow rapid on-site thrombolysis in patients with presumed acute ischemic stroke, reducing onset-to-treatment times. We examined how intravenous tPA alters ICH evolution d...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We compared the activity of a new long-half-life, fibrin-specific tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) variant with that of wild-type TPA in rabbit models of embolic stroke and peripheral bleeding. METHODS In the embolic stroke model. TPA-induced clot lysis is followed by continuous monitoring of a radiolabeled clot lodged in the middle cerebral artery. Twenty-four h...