forward osmosis (fo) has recently drawn attention as a promising membrane based method for seawater and brackish water desalination. in this study, we focus on the use of calciun chloride (cacl2) and potassium bicarbonate (khco3) as inorganic salt draw solution candidates due to their appropriate performance in water flux and reverse salt diffusion as well as reasonable cost. the experiments we...

Participation of calcium-induced vasodilation (due to an increase in synthesized nitric oxide (NO) content in endothelial cells) in the arterio-venous circulation, including the vascular bed was investigated by the vessel perfusion method in the isolated rabbit ear preparation. The perfusion medium used was a tris-buffered solution. When CaCl2 (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg) was injected in the perfused...

rosa hybrida l. is an important commercial cut flower. salicylic acid (sa) and calcium chloride (cacl2) act as endogenous signal molecules responsible for growth parameters in plants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preharvest sa and cacl2 treatments in extending the vase life of cut rose flowers. therefore, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with ...

The effect of calcium on plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentration was determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their control, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. CaCl2 10.5 mg (0.095 mmol) in 0.54 ml 5% glucose or an equal volume of vehicle alone was infused intravenously for 30 minutes into conscious precannulated SHR (vehicle, n = 16; CaCl2, n = 16) and WKY rats (vehicle, n = ...

To understand the toxicity of Pb-polluted shooting fields, oribatid mites Platynothrus peltifer were exposed to shooting field soils containing 47-2398 mg Pb/kg dry weight (DW) and having pH(CaCl2) 3.2-6.8 and 3.8-13% organic matter (OM). Exposures also included artificial soils with different pH and OM contents as well as two natural soils used as controls. Exposures lasted for 2 (acute) and 1...

The effect of exogenous CaCl2 on photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) activities, cyclic electron flow (CEF), and proton motive force of tomato leaves under low night temperature (LNT) was investigated. LNT stress decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)], and photochemical quenching (qP), whereas CaCl2 pretreatment improved Pn, Y(II), and qP under LNT s...

Neutralized DNA gels exhibit a reversible volume transition when CaCl2 is added to the surrounding aqueous NaCl solution. In this paper, a systematic study of the osmotic and mechanical properties of Na-DNA gels is presented to determine, qualitatively and quantitatively, the effect of Ca-Na exchange on the volume transition. It is found that in the absence of CaCl2 the DNA gels exhibit osmotic...

AIMS This study investigated whether S100A4 plays a potential role in the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). METHODS AND RESULTS The thoracic aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.5 M CaCl2 or normal saline (NaCl). Animals were euthanized at specified time-points (2, 4, and 10 weeks post-TAA induction). The treated aortic segments were harvested, and mRNA levels, prot...