The rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii is a useful model to study protective immunity to pre-erythrocytic stages of infection, pathogenesis of erythrocytic stages, and vaccine development. However, the utility of the P. yoelii model system has not been fully realized because transfection and genetic manipulation methodologies for this rodent species are less developed than that of another rodent ...

Famously, scientific theories are underdetermined by their evidence. This occurs in the factor analytic model (FA), which is often used to connect concrete data (e.g. test scores) to hypothetical notions (e.g. intelligence). After introducing FA, three general topics are addressed. (i) Underdetermination: the precise reasons why FA is underdetermined illuminates various claims about underdeterm...

By teaching first aid at school, the number of bystanders can be increased. Researchers are attempting to identify effective educational methods teach children. The literature review examines published studies provide information on content kindergarten training. MEDLINE, Scopus, and ERIC were major databases searched for related between January 2003 November 2022. interventions varied in aimed...

OBJECTIVE This study describes the presentation of first branchial cleft anomalies and compares outcomes of first branchial cleft with other branchial cleft anomalies with attention to otologic findings. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING Pediatric tertiary care facility. METHODS Surgical databases were queried to identify children with branchial cleft anomalies. Descript...

This research aims to the impact of musical skills on foreign language anxiety. For this purpose, 158 English as Foreign Language students, 64 whom engaged with music (48 them were able play an instrument and sing in front people 16 could only sing) chosen for study. The Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was applied results compared. study revealed that participants who a or had far lower levels anxiety th...