1. introduction cultural infrastructure in adopting appropriate teaching and learning methods in efl classes is crucial. the meaning of silence is culture-bound and cultural guidelines govern when and why one employs silence. learning to speak and write in english in iranian efl classrooms seems to be a process of challenging one’s values. iranian efl learners, with a “silence is gold” mentalit...

Literary criticism, formed by literary-critical thought, has a long way of development that continues to this day. Textual studies, which deals with the study, analysis and re-arranging manuscripts various forms ancient religious texts, laws, historical events, philosophical meetings, also certain methods principles in study literary heritage. Azerbaijan is one countries where trends Middle Age...

Early modern maps were surrounded by and interspersed with texts of many kinds. The intimate relationship between cartographic image and geographical text in the map was due to the map’s mixed media structure and its early appearance in the context of history books, travel reports, or chorographic descriptions. Literature was based on other types of text. Epic, drama, and poetry were essentiall...

Department Website: http://nelc.uchicago.edu Program of Study Majors in Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC) at the University of Chicago pursue rigorous knowledge about a region of the world that is known as “the cradle of civilization” and the home of several important religious and cultural traditions, as well as one of the most important geopolitical areas of our contemporary wor...

In this paper, we study how existing natural language processing tools for Italian perform on ancient texts. The first goal is to understand to what extent such tools can be used “as they are” for the automatic analysis of old literary works. Indeed, while NLP tools for Italian achieve today good performance, it is not clear if they could be successfully used for the humanities, to support the ...

Why do we read literary texts closely? There are plenty of other things to do with literary texts, many of them more fun, some of them even interesting. But the interesting ones, though they may help us in our close reading, or may indeed challenge, limit, or secure its conditions of possibility, belong to other disciplines: psychology, linguistics, sociology of art, anthropology, area studies,...

Many existing approaches for measuring text complexity tend to overestimate the complexity levels of informational texts while simultaneously underestimating the complexity levels of literary texts. We present a two-stage estimation technique that successfully addresses this problem. At Stage 1, each text is classified into one or another of three possible genres: informational, literary or mix...

In this paper we present the Per-Fide project, aimed at the construction of parallel corpora mapping the Portuguese language to six other languages English, Russian, French, Italian, German and Spanish in various domains including literary, journalistic and religious texts. First we will focus on the corpus design criteria and its main features, particularly those that distinguish this corpus f...

In ‘secular’ Western societies, religious topics permeate media texts of books, films, series and games and such texts even inform several religious-spiritual movements. Critically expanding on theories about ‘fiction-based religion’, ‘invented religion’ or ‘hyper-real religion’, this article studies if, how and why players of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) World of...