Much research has been focused on the development of codecs for distribution to end users via broadcasts, optical disks, the Internet and mobiles. But codecs are also required during the production of television and movies. This paper describes the VC-2 Low Delay codec (VC-2 LD), developed in BBC R&D and standardised by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). It describe...

Recent results of Monte Carlo simulations for SU(3) lattice gauge theories are used to make quantitative predictions which can be compared with QCD phenomenology. In particular, lattice results are used to predict the onset of nonperturbative effects and to determine the interquark potential. The relationship between A0 and the short distance scale of the qqpotential is also calculated. The pre...

We describe an efficient randomized algorithm to test if a given binary function f : {0, 1} → {0, 1} is a low-degree polynomial (that is, a sum of low-degree monomials). For a given integer k ≥ 1 and a given real > 0, the algorithm queries f at O( 1 + k4 ) points. If f is a polynomial of degree at most k, the algorithm always accepts, and if the value of f has to be modified on at least an frac...

In this paper we present new distributed protocols to color even rings and general bipartite graphs. Our motivation is to provide algorithmic explanation for human subject experiments that show human subjects can achieve distributed coordination in the form of 2coloring over networks with a simple communication protocol. All our protocols use low (often constant) memory and reach a solution in ...

We investigate the low–energy properties of a ZZ12 orbifold with continuous Wilson line moduli. They give rise to a (0,2) superstring compactification. Their Kähler potentials and Yukawa couplings are calculated. We study the discrete symmetries of the model and their implications on the threshold corrections to the gauge couplings as well as for string unification. String theory is the only kn...

There is a well-known equivalence between the homotopy types of connected CW-spaces X with πnX=0 for n 6= 1, 2 and the quasi-isomorphism classes of crossed modules ∂ : M → P [16]. When the homotopy groups π1X and π2X are finite one can represent the homotopy type of X by a crossed module in which M and P are finite groups. We define the order of such a crossed module to be |∂| = |M | × |P |, an...

High-quality and low-delay MPEG2 video coding can be achieved by avoiding the use of intra (I) and bidirectional prediction (B) pictures. Such coding requires intra macroblocks refreshing techniques for channel error propagation resilience and for compliance with the accuracy requirements of the MPEG2 standard. This project gives an overview of the MPEG technology, describes some of these low d...

A description of the generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rules for proton and neutron is suggested, using their relation to the Bjorken sum rule. The results support an earlier conjecture, that the structure function gT features a smooth Q−dependence, while the structure function g2 is changing rapidly, due to the elastic contribution to the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule. A possible violation...

A self-timed radix-2 division scheme for low power consumption is proposed. By replacing dual-rail dynamic circuits in non-critical data paths with single-rail static circuits, power dissipation is decreased, yet performance is maintained by speculative remainder computation. SPICE simulation results show that the proposed design can achieve 33.8-ns latency for 56-bit mantissa division and 47% ...