Concentrations of T-2, HT-2, 3'-OH T-2, 3'-OH HT-2, T-2 triol, and T-2 tetraol toxins which inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes by 50% were 1.5, 3.5, 4.0, 50, 150, and 150 ng/ml, respectively. The results suggested that the initial hydrolysis of T-2 toxin and the hydroxylation of T-2 toxin to 3'-OH T-2 toxin did not significantly decrease the immuno...

BACKGROUND T-2 toxin poses a great threat to human health because it has the highest toxicity of the currently known trichothecene mycotoxins. To understand the in vivo toxicity and transformation mechanism of T-2 toxin, we investigated the role of one kind of principal phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP450] enzymes) on the metabolism of T-2 toxin, which are crucial to the ...

T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin, is considered to be one of the most toxic compounds that are produced by molds, particularly the Fusarium species. Fusarium species have been recognized as a great agricultural problem. They occur worldwide on a variety of plant hosts and cereal grains. The aim of this study was to investigate T-2 toxin-induced liver injury using in situ perfused rat liver....

The Fusarium mycotoxins HT-2 toxin (HT2) and T-2 toxin (T2) are frequent contaminants in oats. These toxins, but also their plant metabolites, may contribute to toxicological effects. This work describes the use of 13C-assisted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for the first comprehensive study on the biotransformation of HT2 and T2 in oats. Using this approach, 16 HT2 and...

The existence of di-glucosylated derivative of T-2 toxin in plant (corn powder) was confirmed for the first time in addition to that of HT-2 toxin. These masked mycotoxins (mycotoxin glucosides) were identified as T-2 toxin-di-glucoside (T2GlcGlc) and HT-2 toxin-di-glucoside (HT2GlcGlc) based on accurate mass measurements of characteristic ions and fragmentation patterns using high-resolution l...

designing and producing a proper fusion construction is the most important problem of producing large quantities of a properly folded functional protein. this construction should have all necessary components of a real gene. a good designed fusion gene construction could be cloned into a good and suitable host. clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of humans and livestock and produce...

This investigation was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of the detoxifying agent Mycofix® Plus (MP) in the prevention and/or alleviation in vivo adverse effects of T-2 toxin in broilers. In addition, the adsorbing potential of MP was estimated in vitro. Mean degradation levels of T-2 toxin with MP in vitro, as measured by HPTLC, varied from 26.06 to 31.02 % and the adsorption abil...

Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (T-Bind) sorbent to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxins (AF) or T-2 toxin in male broiler chickens from day of hatch to 21 d of age. In Experiment 1, the sorbent was added at 0.250 or 0.375% to diets containing AF at 5 or T-2 toxin at 8 mg/kg of diet. When compared with controls, AF reduced BW gain b...