OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of introduction of supervision of methadone dosing on deaths related to overdose of methadone in Scotland and England between 1993 and 2008 while controlling for increased prescribing of methadone. DESIGN Analysis of annual trends in deaths related to overdose of methadone in relation to defined daily doses of methadone prescribed. SETTING Scotland and Engla...

In many urban areas, groundwater has been exploited neglecting to wet and dry periods owing to of surface water deficit. In this study, using the percent of normal rainfall index, 36 year (1971-2008) were studied and a drought event and a wet event were determined. The reason to choose two consecutive years is the effect of early wet period on groundwater quality. Physicochemical characteristic...

A series of emission control measures were undertaken in Beijing and the adjacent provinces in China during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on 8–24 August 2008. This provides a unique opportunity for investigating the effectiveness of emission controls on air pollution in Beijing. We conducted a series of numerical experiments over East Asia for the period of July to September 2008 using a coupl...

investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources management and planning water resources management. in this research, the effect of the climate change on drought characteristics in northwest of iran was investigated using the hadcm3 model under a2 scenario. the statistical downscaling was executed using sdsm 4.2.9 and observed daily precipitation, observed predict...

This paper performs an extensive comparison of cluster techniques for financial applications based on risk measures and returns as classification variables. We consider the largely used in literature. For analysis, we use a database composed daily U.S. equity market. As applications, capital determination, portfolio optimization, asset pricing. found that number clusters varies over years. The ...

The objective of this study is to understand how Cuba responds extreme weather events, which can help identify and disseminate good public health practice. design an observational using routinely collected mortality data. National daily counts after severe hurricanes arrived on the landmass since 1990 were compared with baseline values. Incidence rate ratios during hurricane for four weeks afte...

an accurate determination of evapotranspiration is required for many studies that involve estimation of the water balance. one methodology is the use of lysimeters. considering the semiarid climate of kerman province, in southeastern parts of iran, the only operating electronic weighing lysimeter in the country was used for calculating daily eto from april 2004 to march 2005 in three different ...

Exochus atlanticus sp. n., Melo & Penteado-Dias, and Trieces broadi sp. n., Melo & Penteado-Dias, are described and illustrated in Brazilian fauna. The genus Exochus and the species E. ablatus, E. izbus, T. azipas, T. riodinis, T. wardae, T. upermia and T. wascia, are recorded for the first time from Brazil. Diagnosis and distribution information for each species are provided.

introduction air pollution as one of the most important technological risks of contemporary era is mainly resulted from the emergence of large cities and fast growing industries. one of the main objectives of climatic and environmental studies is to survey atmospheric pollutions. tabriz is one of the metropolises where air pollution is a problem in it. of course, what is essential regarding the...

the aim of this study was to show the effect of four feeding regimes on thyroid hormones concentrations, growth performance and food coefficient in rainbow trout applied through 4 treatments and 3 replications in winter 2006. in this research, samples of rainbow trout with an initial mean weight (so) 47.19±0.42 used in each rearing unite. fish were fed twice a day ad libitum as follows: treatme...