Moral dilemma is an effective approach to the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying moral judgment. A typical dilemma (e.g., the “footbridge dilemma”) describes a hypothetical situation in which a protagonist is faced with two exclusive options: killing one person to save more lives (a “utilitarian” judgment to maximize the utility), or doing nothing and watching those people die (a deo...

of Medicine and other periodicals over the past decade. Dr. Feinstein's aim is nothing less than to induce doctors to think in new ways. He hopes that one result of his proposed revolution in clinical thinking will restore to clinical medicine the status it has lost owing to the explosive growth of molecular biology. He traces at length the growth and change of clinical investigation in this co...

Judgment aggregation theory generalizes social choice theory by having the aggregation rule bear on judgments of all kinds instead of barely judgments of preference. The paper briefly sums it up, privileging the variant that formalizes judgment by a logical syntax. The theory derives from Kornhauser and Sager’s doctrinal paradox and Pettit’s discursive dilemma, which List and Pettit turned into...

In September 2012, the Dutch Supreme Court upheld a judgment of Hague Appeal that eviction from basic shelter mother and her minor children, who did not have legal residence in Netherlands, was unlawful. This ruling instigated by radically new interpretation European Social Charter’s personal scope caused major shift policy. article provides case study into reasoning adopted Court. It argues th...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The shark fisheries of Madagascar remain largely unstudied. Remoteness makes fisheries monitoring challenging while the high value of shark fins combined with the extreme poverty in Madagascar creates intensive pressure on shark resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS We use DNA barcoding and species-specific PCR assays to characterize shark fisheries in Antongil Bay in northeast...

This paper describes the frequency and number of Sphyrion laevigatum in the skin of Genypterus blacodes, an important economic resource in Chile. The analysis of a spatial distribution model indicated that the parasites tended to cluster. Variations in the number of parasites per host could be described by a negative binomial distribution. The maximum number of parasites observed per host was two.

Many elasmobranchs have experienced strong population declines, which have been largely attributed to the direct and indirect effects of exploitation. Recently, however, live elasmobranchs are being increasingly valued for their role in marine ecosystems, dive tourism and intrinsic worth. Thus, management plans have been implemented to slow and ultimately reverse negative trends, including shar...

Despite a large occurrence, especially over the Pacific Ocean, the chemical diversity of marine invertebrates belonging to the order Zoantharia is largely underexplored. For the two species of the genus Antipathozoanthus no chemical study has been reported so far. The first chemical investigation of Antipathozoanthus hickmani collected at the Marine Protected Area "El Pelado", Santa Elena, Ecua...