BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) signaling pathway is important in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Nitric-oxide-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) are chemopreventive agents consisting of a traditional NSAID attached to an NO-releasing moiety through a chemical spacer. Previously we showed that an aromatic spacer enhanced the potency ...

AIMS To evaluate whether pharmacological TLR4 inhibition protects against acute and chronic fat-induced insulin resistance in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the acute experiment, rats received a TLR4 inhibitor [TAK-242 or E5564 (2x5 mg/kg i.v. bolus)] or vehicle, and an 8-h Intralipid (20%, 8.5 mg/kg/min) or saline infusion, followed by a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. For the c...

Cardiovascular and renal inflammation induced by Aldosterone (Aldo) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal fibrosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling contributes to inflammatory cardiovascular and renal diseases, but its role in Aldo-induced hypertension and renal damage is not clear. In the current study, rats were treated with Aldo-salt combined with TAK-24...

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and is a potential target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This experiment is to evaluate the effect of an exogenous TLR4 antagonist, TAK-242, against acute cerebral I/R injury. A mouse model of cerebral I/R was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. TAK-242 (3 mg/kg body weight) was injec...

Robert van Liere Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica P.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Jurriaan D. Mulder Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica P.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Jarke J. van Wijk Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica P...

2014 We study a spin glass model on a hierarchical lattice in the limit in which the number of rungs, p at each stage of the hierarchy tends to infinity. In the spin glass phase, the analytic continuation from positive integer to real numbers of replicas is found to be non-unique. However, replica symmetry is not broken. These conclusions remain true in a 1/p expansion about the p ~ ~ limit. J....