The organization of Ge ‘‘dome’’ islands in Ge/Si multilayers has been investigated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Ge domes are found to spontaneously arrange in oblique stacks, replicating at a well-defined angle from one bilayer to the next. The formation of oblique island stacks is governed by a complex interplay of surface strain, generated by the already buried islands...

ion and reification, that shed light on the fundamental principles behind Quantifying Knowledge and Experience 7 perceptual knowledge. These issues are discussed in chapter 8. Models of conscious experience often go astray by defining experience in such vague or abstracted terms that the explanation is no clearer than the aspect of consciousness that it supposedly explains. I intend to ground m...

From a population survey of 2865 subjects, test characteristics of a number of clinical findings relating to knee osteoarthritis were calculated against the standard of radiographic diagnosis. The clinical findings included from the history were age, gender, current pain in the knee, swollen knee, pain in both hands, morning stiffness, osteoarthritis in any joint, pain or stiffness, or both, in...

This paper demonstrates how philosophical thought can inform science, with reference to the interplay of causal and algorithmic thinking in Cognitive Science, Evolutionary Biology and other scientific enquiries. It is argued (touching briefly on the debate between Fictionalism and Realism regarding mathematics (Field 1989; Lewis 1991)) that algorithmic concepts (eg. substrate neutrality) are ma...

in  this paper  thin  films of  tin sulfide (sns) were deposited on  the glass substrates using spray pyrolysis method with the substrate temperatures in the range of 400–600℃, keeping the other deposition parameters constant. in  this work  the characteristic of sns  thin  films  investigated. the xrd pattern and optical transmittance of thin films also are discussed. with the change in concen...

substrates' concentration profile was studied in a porous matrix containing immobilized amyloglucosidase for glucose production. this analysis was performed by using an analytical method called least square method, and the results were compared with numerical solution. effects of effective diffusivity, michael's constant, maximum reaction rate and initial substrate concentration were studied on...

We present evidence that electrical transport studies of epitaxial p-type GeMn thin films fabricated on highresistivity Ge substrates are severely influenced by parallel conduction through the substrate, related to the large intrinsic conductivity of Ge due to its small band gap. Anomalous Hall measurements and large magnetoresistance effects are completely understood by taking a dominating sub...

The stability of an amorphous Ge.$i t-,0, in contact with an epitaxial (lOO)Ge,Si,-, layer obtained by partially oxidizing an epit.axial Ge,Si,-, layer on a (1OO)Si substrate in a wet ambient at 700 “C is investigated for x=0.28 and 0.36 upon annealing in vacuum at 900 “C for 3 h, aging in air at room temperature for 5 months, and immersion in water. After annealing at 900 “C!, the oxide remain...

The paper presents an improved version of the Virtual Canopy model VICA (Wernecke et al. 2000), which is developed to establish a generic functional-structural plant model (FSPM; cf. Vos et al. this volume) specified for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The model core is formulated as a set of hierarchically structured objects. These objects are related to morphological and functional ‘plant units’...

Fats and oils are the most common contaminants in wastewater and are usually discarded 17 through physical processes. This paper studies its elimination through an environmentally friendly 18 biological treatment, yielding good results on both laboratory scale and in the field. In this study a 19 comparative evaluation of the biodegradation of fats and oils in two scenarios were developed in 20...