Thorough understanding of steel rail response to wheel load is a key step towards design and evaluation of the railway track structure. In current practice, maximum vertical deflection and bending moment are calculated using the theory of infinite beam on continuous elastic foundation (Winkler model), in which the foundation stiffness is assumed as constant. However, variation of track modulus ...

In this article, the prominence has been given to study the influence of skew angle on bending response of functionally graded material shell panels under thermo-mechanical environment. Derivation of governing equations is based on the Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory and Sander’s kinematic equations. To circumvent the problem of C1 continuity requirement coupled with the finite el...

in this study, the strain rate effect on the bending properties of fiber reinforced composites for three types of polymer composites namely phenolic resin reinforced by woven basalt fibers, woven carbon fibers, and woven basalt/ woven carbon fibers at a total volume fraction of approximately 35% has been determined. flexural tests have been conducted at low range of strain rates included 0.03 m...

For ex vivo measurements of fracture callus stiffness in small animals, different test methods, such as torsion or bending tests, are established. Each method provides advantages and disadvantages, and it is still debated which of those is most sensitive to experimental conditions (i.e. specimen alignment, directional dependency, asymmetric behavior). The aim of this study was to experimentally...

The piezoelectric properties of bone play an important role in the bone remodeling process and can be employed in clinical bone repair. In this study, the piezo-voltage of bone between two surfaces of a bone beam under bending deformation was measured using an ultra-high-input impedance bioamplifier. The influence of shear stress on the signs of piezo-voltages in bone was determined by comparin...

statement of problem: resin composites are a common type of tooth coloured restorative materials. these materials are brittle and their major shortcomings are sensitivity to flaws and defects, low tensile strength, and susceptibility to catastrophic failure.the role of home bleaching agents on the fracture toughness of resin composites using four-point bending test is scanty. objectives: to com...

The mutation uni-1 gives rise to uniflagellate Chlamydomonas cells which rotate around a fixed point in the microscope field, so that the flagellar bending pattern can be photographed easily. This has allowed us to make a detailed analysis of the wild-type flagellar bending pattern and the bending patterns of flagella on several mutant strains. Cells containing uni-1, and recombinants of uni-1 ...

Mixed crystals composed of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) and 1,2-bis(5-methyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-thiazolyl)perfluorocyclopentene (2a) were prepared, and their photochromic as well as light-driven bending performance was studied to reveal how shape changes of individual molecules cause the bending response. 1a and 2a molecules, having similar geomet...