The Ancient Egyptians recognized the pain-relieving effects of concoctions made from myrtle and willow leaves. Hippocrates may have been among the first to use willow bark and leaves from the Salix species to relieve fever, but it was not until 1829 that the glycoside salicin was extracted from the willow bark and used as an antipyretic. Seven years later, salicylic acid was isolated, and by th...

The appendix is a tubular structure that arises from the cecum and consists primarily of smooth muscle and an abundance of lymphoid tissue. The average adult appendix can reach a length of 10 cm with a luminal width of 6 to 7 mm. Innerva­ tion from sympathetic and vagus nerves accounts for referred pain to the umbilicus when inflammatory changes are present. The location of the appendix (retroc...

the development of yielded or failure zone due to an engineering construction is a subject of study in different disciplines. in petroleum engineering, depletion from and injection of gas into a porous rock can cause development of a yield zone around the reservoir. studying this phenomenon requires elasto-plastic analysis of geomaterial, in this case the porous rocks. in this study, which is a...

We have used high-energy x-ray scattering to map the strain fields around crack tips in fracture specimens of a bulk metallic glass under load at room temperature and below. From the measured strain fields we can calculate the components of the stress tensor as a function of position and determine the size and shape of the plastic process zone around the crack tip. Specimens tested at room temp...

A heuristic model on the role of plasticity in adaptive evolution: 6 SUMMARY 28 2 An ongoing new synthesis in evolutionary theory is expanding our view of the sources 29 of heritable variation beyond point mutations of fixed phenotypic effects to include 30 environmentally-sensitive changes in gene regulation. This expansion of the paradigm is 31 necessary given ample evidence for a heritable a...

STUDY OF SEMI-SYNTHETIC PLASTIC OBJECTS OF HISTORIC INTEREST USING NON-INVASIVE TOTAL REFLECTANCE FT-IR Costanza Cucci *(1), Giovanni Bartolozzi (1), Veronica Marchiafava (1), Marcello Picollo (1), Emma Richardson (2) (1) Institute of Applied Physics of the Italian National Research Council (IFACCNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. (2) Department of History of Art, U...

Different antibiotics have different characteristics but the aspect of antibiotic stability is the main concern of the pharmacist when dispensing the drug. The stability of drug such as chemical stability, physical stability, microbiological stability, therapeutic stability and toxicological stability will ensure its therapeutic effect. There are some factors that may affect antibiotics’ effect...

OBJECTIVES To provide the practicing surgeon with data to make an informed economic decision regarding conversion from analog to digital photography. METHODS A cost analysis of photography based on 35-mm vs digital platforms (low-, medium-, and high-cost hardware). RESULTS Break-even thresholds for the investment in a digital platform of low, medium, and high costs were 3674, 15,789, and 34...

“South Korea is the plastic surgery capital of the world.” This is how Korean plastic surgery was described in the Washington Post in 2015 [1]. Korea seems to be consolidating its position as a leading plastic surgery nation. However, to survive the fierce competition among plastic surgeons and to satisfy patients’ high­ est expectations, plastic surgeons must sustain their efforts over the lon...