Livestock grazing can compromise the biotic integrity and health of wetlands, especially in remotes areas like Patagonia, which provide habitat for several endemic terrestrial and aquatic species. Understanding the effects of these land use practices on invertebrate communities can help prevent the deterioration of wetlands and provide insights for restoration. In this contribution, we assessed...

PURPOSE To review, contrast, and compare current known tapetal mechanisms and review the implications for the evolution of the tapetum. METHODS Ocular specimens of representative fish in key piscine families, including Acipenseridae, Cyprinidae, Chacidae; the reptilian family Crocodylidae; the mammalian family Felidae; and the Lepidopteran family Sphingidae were reviewed and compared histolog...

To evaluate their potential for survival in a vertebrate host, dauer larvae from 7 species of rhabditid nematodes were subjected to in vitro conditions designed to emulate those of a vertebrate digestive tract. Dauer larvae from 3 of the 7 species, selected for their ability to survive elevated temperatures and low pH, and representing differing types of phoretic associations with invertebrate ...

1. Changes in benthic invertebrate community structure following 16 years of forest succession after logging were examined by estimating benthic invertebrate abundance, biomass and secondary production in streams draining a forested reference and a recovering clear-cut catchment. Benthic invertebrate abundance was three times higher, and invertebrate biomass and production were two times higher...

1. Variation in detritus quality and quantity can have significant effects on aquatic invertebrate food webs. Allochthonous inputs of detritus are the principal energy source for organisms in aquatic tree hole microsystems. We compared the effects of two major detritus types found in tree holes, senescent leaves (Sugar Maple and White Oak) and invertebrate carcasses (dead adult fruit flies and ...

Vertebrate 4.1 proteins have a spectrin-actin-binding (SAB) domain, which is lacking in all the invertebrate 4.1 proteins indentified so far, and it was therefore proposed that the SAB domain emerged with the advent of vertebrates during evolution. Here we demonstrated for the first time that amphioxus (an invertebrate chordate) protein 4.1, though lacking a recognizable SAB, was able to bind b...

Members of the cytochrome P450 family are important metabolic enzymes that are present in all metazoans. Genes encoding cytochrome P450s form a multi-gene family, and the number of genes varies widely among species. The enzymes are classified as either biosynthesis- or detoxification-type, depending on their substrates, but their origin and evolution have not been fully understood. In order to ...

J. Algebraic Geom. 7 (1998), no. 1, 183–193. Richard E. Borcherds † Mathematics department, Evans Hall, 3840, UC Berkeley, CA 94720-3840 D.P.M.M.S., 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK email: [email protected] Ludmil Katzarkov M.S.R.I., 1000 Centennial Drive, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Mathematics, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3875 email: [email protected] Tony Pantev ‡ Department of ...

A C-type lectin (CfLec-3) from Chlamys farreri with three carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) was selected to dissect the possible mechanisms of PAMP binding and functional differentiation of invertebrate lectins. CfLec-3 distributed broadly, and its mRNA expression in hemocytes increased significantly after stimulations with LPS, PGN or β-glucan, but not poly(I:C). The recombinant CfLec-3 ...