Background: Literature abounds with various techniques for efficiency measurement of health care organizations (HCOs), which should be used cautiously and appropriately. The present study aimed at discovering the rules regulating the interplay among the number of inputs, outputs, and decision- making units (DMUs) and identifying all methods used for the measurement of Iranian HCOs and criticall...

One of the major problems in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to determine the projection of inefficient Decision Making Units (DMUs) into the efficient frontier. In conventional DEA models, inputs and outputs of inefficient DMUs alter arbitrarily for reaching to the efficient frontier. Nevertheless, sometimes the ability of DMUs is defined and restricted. Moreover, there are situations in th...

ion. So now, let us try to describe abstraction. Here are some dictionary definitions: “abstract adj. 1. Considered apart from concrete existence . . . 4. Thought of or stated without reference to a specific instance.” “abstraction n. The process of extracting the underlying essence, removing dependence on real world objects.” Abstraction allows designers and modelers to describe a problem at a...