In this paper, a simple model is proposed for predicting the thermal energy requirements of greenhouses in Europe. The estimates annual heating and maximum required power, along with corresponding zero-energy operating periods. It based on greenhouse technical data (the overall heat loss coefficient, cover transmission, sensible absorbance), cultivation conditions (temperature range), meteorolo...

We report 230Th-238U disequilibrium data on mid-ocean ridge basalts recovered 5 to 40 kilometers off the ridge axis near 9 degrees 30'N of the East Pacific Rise. These data indicate near-symmetrical eruptions of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (NMORBs) and incompatible element-enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (EMORBs) as far as 20 kilometers off axis. Our results suggest large-scale subsurface l...

We analyze GPS data observed before and after the 2001 Mw 7.8 Kokoxili earthquake in northern Tibet to derive the coseismic deformation field of that earthquake. Using this coseismic displacement data set and geologically mapped surface break measurements, we invert for the coseismic slip distribution along the seismogenic East Kunlun fault. Our result shows that the earthquake on average ruptu...

In studies of solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events the Parker spiral (PS) field approximation, based only on the measured 1 AU solar wind (SW) speed Vsw, is nearly always used to determine the coronal or photospheric source locations of the 1 AU magnetic fields. There is no objective way to validate that approximation, but here we seek guidelines for optimizing its application. We...

Experimental investigations were carried out on removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater by employing a new flat-sheet cross flow membrane module fitted with a hydrophobic polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane. The new design of the solar-driven membrane module in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration successfully produced almost 100 per cent arsenic...

Aiming at the shortcomings of non-optimal fuel consumption and low accuracy Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites in east/west station keeping (EWSK) current stage, a micro-thrust EWSK algorithm for GEO based on single-synovial surface is proposed. This has characteristics high control precision. However, when this performs switching under condition limited velocity increment, mean longitude ca...