Additive manufacturing has attracted much attention in the last decade as a principal growing sector of complex manufacturing. Precise layer-by-layer patterning materials gives rise to novel designs and fabrication strategies that were previously not possible realize with conventional techniques. Using suitable organized variation printing settings, parts time-dependent shapes can be tuned thro...

Shape memory materials (SMMs), including alloys and polymers, can be programmed into a temporary configuration then recover the original shape in which they were processed response to triggering external stimulus ( e.g. change temperature or pH, contact with water). For this behavior, SMMs are currently raising lot of attention pharmaceutical field where could bring about important innovations ...

By combining the concepts of 4D printing, elastic metamaterial and shape memory effect, a tunable, programmable waveguide strategy is realized.

The hierarchical network of blood vessels comprises the larger (veins and arteries), smaller ones (venules arterioles), thinnest capillaries. proper functioning most tissues in body relies on vascularization, which is meant for diffusion gases, nutrients, harmful waste. However, it known that cell survival compromised as oxygen limited beyond 100–200 µm damage can occur at any level complex sys...