Background Competing claims are made about the amount of money that pharmaceutical companies spend on research and development (R&D) versus promotion. This study investigates this question in the Canadian context. Methods Two methods for determining industry-wide figures for spending on promotion were employed. First, total industry spending on detailing and journal advertising for 2013-2016 ...

The article investigates the impact of venture capital investment and investment syndication on enterprise lifecycle and success using the exit history of venture capital backed companies in Australia. It is observed that the venture capital backed companies tend to outperform those which are not while companies receiving syndicated venture capital investment tend to outperform the other ventur...

Nanoparticles offer potential as drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics based on certain advantages of molecular drugs. In this study, we report that particle size exerts great influence on the penetration and retention behavior of nanoparticles entering tumors. On comparing gold-coated Au@tiopronin nanoparticles that were prepared with identical coating and surface properties, we found th...

A lot of bankruptcy forecasting model has been studied. Most of them uses corporate finance data and is intended for general companies. It may not appropriate for forecasting bankruptcy of construction companies which has big liquidity. It has a different capital structure, and the model to judge the financial risk of general companies can be difficult to apply the construction companies. The e...

Recently, the topic of dual-class companies has been popular with the media, academia, and professionals. A dual-class company is a type of company that issues two classes of common stocks. One is a publicly traded inferior stock with one voting right per share, and the other is a non-publicly traded superior stock with multiple voting rights per share. Therefore, in a dualclass firm, sharehold...

Companies all over the world are trying to become better places to work because they realise that it is essential for their survival. A work environment supportive of trust and good employee relations at all levels clearly brings the best performance out of the employees which in turn benefits the organisation as a whole. Employees who are committed to their work will exhibit higher productivit...

nowadays, strategic planning was very important for every company, many companies realize the importance of strategic planning. holding companies have considered this issue. strategic planning in holding multibusinessess company differs from other single companies based on complexities. holding companies are faced with two important strategic decisions: 1) what areas and how investments should ...

BIO is a trade association representing more than 1,000 biotechnology companies, academic institutions, state biotechnology centers and related organizations in all 50 U.S. states and 33 other nations. BIO members are involved in the research and development of health-care, agricultural, industrial and environmental biotechnology products. Our membership represents a complete cross section of t...

in this paper, a model has been provided for selecting right portfolio in stock exchange. the ranking of financial industries and companies has been applied for the selection of the right stock in this model. these rankings have been done through promethee decision- making method. technical analysis aims to determine the right time to buy and sell the superior stocks. a survey study is also don...