Nicotine is an addictive alkaloid in cigarette smoke and is responsible for tobacco dependence. It is important to consider the bloodto-liver transport of nicotine to understand the nicotine elimination from the body because most of the nicotine is converted to inactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. In this study, the blood-to-liver tr...

Nicotine is an addictive alkaloid in cigarette smoke and is responsible for tobacco dependence. It is important to consider the bloodto-liver transport of nicotine to understand the nicotine elimination from the body because most of the nicotine is converted to inactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. In this study, the blood-to-liver tr...

Evidence is presented that the first images of maize in Europe are to be found in the festoons painted by Giovanni Martini da Udine about 1515–1517 that surround the frescoes designed by Raphael Sanzio in the fabulous residence, now known as the Villa Farnesina, of the Sienese banker Agostino Chigi. Additional representations of maize by the same artist painted in 1517–1519 are included in fest...

Utopia and satire would seem, superficially at least, to be closely related genres. They both reject present forms of human society, and they sometimes make use of similar devices (e. g., the voyage, the stranger's eye). They would seem to differ only in emphasis. Whereas the satirist focuses on criticism, the utopian writer offers an ideal alternative. The implicit social censure embedded in u...

The traditional approach to the study of human factors in the maritime work domain is the analysis of accidents. These analyses could provide us with valuable information, but they are not sufficient in the attempt to capture the causal relationship between performance shaping factors and human performance in the everyday routine work. Another and more suitable approach to the study of human fa...