We treat the problem of adiabatic losses and stochastic particle acceleration in gamma-ray burst (GRB) blast waves that decelerate by sweeping up matter from an external medium. The shocked fluid is treated as a homogeneous expanding shell. The energy lost by nonthermal particles through adiabatic expansion is converted to the bulk kinetic energy of the outflow, permitting the evolution of the ...

Diffusive shock acceleration in the environs of a remnant’s expanding shell is a popular candidate for the origin of SNR gamma-rays, as well as providing the principal source of galactic cosmic rays. In this paper, results from our study of non-linear effects in shock acceleration theory and their impact on the gamma-ray spectra of SNRs are presented. These effects describe the dynamical influe...

nowadays, using public transportation vehicles like metro in large cities are of significance, and exposure to whole-body vibration for the metro passengers is one of the physical contaminations. this paper is conducted with the aim of evaluating the passengers’ convenience and health both in sitting and standing conditions. the present study was done on the passengers of lines 1, 2, and 4 of t...

We consider the acceleration of charged particles near ultra-relativistic shocks, with Lorentz factor Γs 1. We present simulations of the acceleration process and compare these with results from semi-analytical calculations. We show that the spectrum that results from acceleration near ultra-relativistic shocks is a power law, N(E) ∝ E−s, with a nearly universal value s ≈ 2.2 − 2.3 for the slop...

purpose the objectives of this study include: (1) determination of the attenuation of strike acceleration that tae kwon do sparring safety pads provide from kicks from olympic style tkd fighters, (2) the sex and weight differentiation in acceleration achieved within the thorax model with the roundhouse kicks. methods this prospective, observational study utilized 15 olympic style fighters from ...

All powered spacecraft experience residual systematic acceleration due to anisotropy of the thermal radiation pressure and fuel leakage. The residual acceleration limits the accuracy of any test of gravity that relies on the precise determination of the spacecraft trajectory. We describe a novel two-step laser ranging technique, which largely eliminates the effects of non-gravity acceleration s...

In this article, an attribute control chart has been proposed using the accelerated hybrid censoring logic for the monitoring of defective items whose life follows a Weibull distribution. The product can be tested by introducing the acceleration factor based on different pressurized conditions such as stress, load, strain, temperature, etc. The control limits are derived based on the binomial d...

A novel technique for accelerating the convergence rate of the iterative power method for solving eigenvalue problems is presented. Smoothed Residual Acceleration (SRA) is based on a modification to the well known fixed-parameter extrapolation method for power iterations. In SRA the residual vector is passed through a low-pass filter before the extrapolation step. Filtering limits the extrapola...

The increasing use of information technologies in power systems has increased the risk of power systems to cyber-attacks. In this paper, we assess the risk of transmission lines being overloaded due to cyber-based false data injection attacks. The cyber risk assessment is formulated as bilevel optimization problems that determine the maximum line flows under false data injection attacks. We pro...