In this paper, two-state Markov switching models are proposed to study accident frequencies. These models assume that there are two unobserved states of roadway safety, and that roadway entities (roadway segments) can switch between these states over time. The states are distinct, in the sense that in the different states accident frequencies are generated by separate counting processes (by sep...

This study aimed to analyze the effect of patient positions on the lordosis and scoliosis of patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).Seventy-seven patients with DLS were retrospectively analyzed. We measured lordosis and Cobb's angle on preoperative upright x-rays and magnetic resonance imagings in supine position. The lordosis and scoliosis of surgical segments in intraoperative pron...

Road network are the life line for the movement of people and freight and plays an important role in the development of a region but road accidents cause heavy burden on financial and social setup of an economy. According to a WHO report, road accidents will become the fifth leading cause of death by 2030. Despite lot of effort from various agencies in curbing traffic accidents, they are on the...

Too often the identification of critical road sites is made by “accident-based” methods that consider occurred accidents’ number. Nevertheless, such a procedure may encounter some difficulties when an agency does not have reliable and complete crash data at site level (e.g., accidents contributing factors clear or approximate accident location) crashes are underreported. Furthermore, relying on...

Pavement rehabilitation could affect the accident severity index (ASI) since restoration measures means more safety for road users. No research or project has been carried out to identify hazard points to build a linear model based on crash severity index. One of the very popular accident severity index models used in all countries is based on linear models to rehabilitate pavements and this pa...

Abstract Johor is one of the states in Malaysia that records high accident statistics, especially on Federal Route FT050, Batu Pahat-Ayer Hitam. One elements causing an attitude a driver who drives too fast and ignores warning speed limit signs. The study aimed to determine whether signboard’s impact driving at before- after-study locations. GPS DG 200 was used record data 50 trips Pahat Ayer D...

Background: Motorcyclists are among the most vulnerable groups of road accident victims, who are prone to a growingmortality rate due to the constant rise in the number of accidents. This study was performed to investigate the injurypatterns among motorcyclist trauma patients admitted to Kamyab Hospital, the largest trauma center affiliated withMashhad Univercity of Medical Sc...

There were 469 unnatural deaths among the Sheffield child population between 1947 and 1979, 226 of which were caused by traffic accidents. The annual incidence of these fatal traffic accidents has risen steadily since the early 1960s with boys being consistently more vulnerable. Fatal accidents were disproportionately higher among socially deprived families and in poorer areas of the city. The ...

Compartment syndromes may be acute or chronic. Acute syndromes may complicate fracture, soft tissue trauma, burns, and drug overdose. Very rarely is excessive exercise the underlying cause.` Sportsmen and women (particularly footballers) are perhaps more prone to this condition than the general population because of the high incidence of tibial fractures. Acute compartment syndromes are a poten...

The paper analyzes the decision made by firms to issue one-time coupons as a means of attracting new deal-prone customers. Given the structure of the market and the share of loyal customers, we derive boundaries for the value of the coupon, as well as the optimal face value of the coupon. The main variables which determine the coupon value are: the size of deal-prone and loyal market segments, ...