, ( ) 1 i t p I α ≤ − . Notice in equation (4) that the max condition applies to propensities below a certain cutpoint to keep them from falling below 0. It is easy to show that this cutpoint is α . Thus, change in the propensity due to inhibition is , 1 , ( ) ( ) i t i t p I p I α + − = if , ( ) i t p I α ≥ . Notice that the interval , ( ) [ ,1 ] i t p I α α ∈ − is not empty as long as the spe...

Under appropriate conditions, a column of viscous liquid falling onto a rigid surface undergoes a buckling instability. Here we show experimentally and theoretically that liquid buckling exhibits a hitherto unsuspected complexity involving three different modes-viscous, gravitational, and inertial-depending on how the viscous forces that resist bending of the column are balanced. We also find t...

Ilhan Inan’s (2012) approach to curiosity is based on the following central theses: (i) for every question asked out of curiosity there is a corresponding term (defi nite description) that is inostensible for the asker (its reference is unknown) and that has the function of uniquely identifying an object; (ii) the satisfaction of curiosity is always in the form of coming to know an object as fa...

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of walking in healthy non-faller elderly in order to develop predictive parameters for falls. A 1-year prospective trial was completed on a walking circuit with two integrated force platforms and an optoelectronic system for three-dimensional movement analysis. Gait was investigated in 54 volunteers who were heal...

The single-parameter scaling hypothesis predicts the absence of delocalized states for noninteracting quasiparticles in low-dimensional disordered systems. We show analytically, using a supersymmetric method combined with a renormalization group analysis, as well as numerically that extended states may occur in the one- and two-dimensional Anderson model with a nonrandom hopping falling off as ...

Replacement fertility is a term commonly used by demographers when referring to levels of childbearing and yet is rarely explained. It is normally presented as being around 2.1 children per woman. Continued below replacement fertility in developed countries and fertility falling in developing countries has given the concept of replacement fertility a higher profile. This article explains how re...

We encounter partial differential equations routinely in transport phenomena. Some examples are unsteady flow in a channel, steady heat transfer to a fluid flowing through a pipe, and mass transport to a falling liquid film. Here, we shall learn a method for solving partial differential equations that complements the technique of separation of variables. We shall also learn when the method can ...

The field of comparative economic systems has been recently enriched by the arrival of the new comparative economics. This approach is in the line of the law and finance tradition and presents an important contribution under different perspectives. In the paper I present the most important propositions of this new approach and I evaluate them in the light of the problems that the comparative st...

Productivity growth in Australia’s railways through the 20 Century was neither smooth nor uniformly positive. It was static or falling for much of the century, before increasing rapidly with dieselisation and the rise of minerals traffic. This paper uses regression analysis to develop an understanding of the factors which drove productivity growth throughout the 20 Century, using a unique datas...