Historically, the ipsilateral acoustic reflex (IAR) has played a prominent role in middle ear screening protocols. However, in 1990, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's revised guidelines, "Screening for Hearing Impairment and Middle Ear Disorders," deleted the IAR as a screening parameter. This decision was based on studies that demonstrated that the inclusion of the IAR resulte...

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Flow visualizations are presented for acoustic streaming occurring inside spherical elastic cavities oscillating in an acoustic field. Streaming flows are visualized using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and results are observed for a range of values of a dimensionless frequency parameter, M =120-306. Over the frequency range investigated, streaming flow fields remain steady at a given value o...

There is significant interest in developing new acoustic models for speech recognition that overcome traditional HMM restrictions. In this work, we propose to use Ngram based augmented HMMs. Two approaches are presented. The first one consists on overcoming the parameter independence assumption. This is achieved by modeling the dependence between the different acoustic parameters, using N-gram ...

We describe an unsupervised probabilistic approach for synthesising visual speech from audio. Acoustic features representing a training corpus are clustered and the probability density function (PDF) of each cluster is modelled as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). A visual target in the form of a shortterm parameter trajectory is generated for each cluster. Synthesis involves combining the cluste...

This paper describes the relationships between perceived prominence as a gradual value and some acoustic-prosodic parameters. Prominence is used as an intermediate parameter in a speech synthesis system. A corpus of American English utterances was constructed by measuring and annotating various linguistic, acoustic and perceptual parameters and features. The investigation of the corpus revealed...

The problem studied in this paper is ultrasound image reconstruction from frequency-domain measurements of the scattered field from an object with contrast in attenuation and sound speed. The case where the object has uniform but unknown contrast in these properties relative to the background is considered. Background clutter is taken into account in a physically realistic manner by considering...

In this paper, we compare the state-level and model-level tying of continuous density hidden Markov models for the multilingual acoustic modelling. Using the model-level tying technique, the number of the language dependent (LD) phoneme models of five European languages were reduced to the desired number. This tying was based on dissimilarity measure between the LD phoneme models in a bottom-up...

This research aims to perform articulatory analysis as a basis for low bit-rate speech coding. The classical approach consists of gathering a large set of acoustic and articulatory vector pairs in a codebook. Then, based on some criteria, the non-uniqueness of the articulatory trajectories is solved using a dynamic optimization procedure. An articulatory codebook requires a model capable of gen...

The author has recently proposed maximum-entropy hidden Markov models (MEHMMs) as an acoustic model for speech recognition [3]. Maximum-likelihood parameter estimation for MEHMMs poses a signi cant computational challenge, and so the experiments in that paper were arti cially limited by requiring • that the training data include the hidden state 1 sequence, and • that there be only a limited nu...