Purpose: New approaches to extension service delivery are needed that stimulate increased agricultural production, contribute to collective action and which also foster the emergence of agricultural innovation systems. Research in Peru and Mexico explores some of these new approaches. Design/methodology/approach: In both countries, a qualitative value chain mapping methodology was used to explo...

We classify n-point extensions of ergodic Z-actions up to relative orbit equivalence and establish criteria under which one n-point extension of an ergodic Z-action can be sped up to be relatively isomorphic to an n-point extension of another ergodic Z-action. Both results are characterized in terms of an algebraic object associated to each n-point extension which is a conjugacy class of subgro...

We classify n-point extensions of ergodic Z-actions up to relative orbit equivalence and establish criteria under which one n-point extension of an ergodic Z-action can be sped up to be relatively isomorphic to an n-point extension of another ergodic Z-action. Both results are characterized in terms of an algebraic object associated to each n-point extension which is a conjugacy class of subgro...

We provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for how verbally planning an action creates direct perception-action links and behavioral automaticity. We argue that planning actions in an if (situation)-then (action) format induces sensorimotor simulations (i.e., activity patterns reenacting the event in the sensory and motor brain areas) of the anticipated situation and the intended...

this study has two main purposes including examining the structural model of leadership stereotype, leadership competency, and achievement motivation in leadership role and investigating the moderating effects of gender on the overall model. using a sample of 303 extension agents from three jihad-e-agriculture organizations of tehran, kermanshah, and khorasan razavi provinces in iran, we conduc...

A particular higher-derivative extension of the Einstein-Hilbert action in three spacetime dimensions is shown to be equivalent at the linearized level to the (unitary) Pauli-Fierz action for a massive spin-2 field. A more general model, which also includes "topologically-massive" gravity as a special case, propagates the two spin-2 helicity states with different masses. We discuss the extensio...

The study assessed the perceived effectiveness of agricultural extension methods used to disseminate improved technologies to rice farmers in kogi state, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socio – economic characteristics of the rice farmers, to assessed farmers level of contact with extension agents, perceived level of competence of extension agents to perform agricultural e...

. In this paper we address the problem of collective norms, and discuss two action logics for that purpose. The first action logic is based on the action modality Ei, where expressions of the form Eip are read as ‘agent brings about (sees to it) that ’. This operator relates an agent with the effects of his action, and abstracts away details of the specific actions. We will show that this abstr...

While the use of pharmaceuticals is always a balance of risks and benefits, the same is not true for impurities in pharmaceuticals; impurities convey only risk. A number of international guidelines and regional guidances instruct drug developers and regulatory agencies on how to evaluate and control impurities in drug substances and drug products. While impurities should always be reduced to th...