Although lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-mediated cellular responses are attributed to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), relatively little is known about the upstream signaling mechanisms that regulate the activation of PKC and downstream mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. LPC activated p42 MAP kinase and PKC in mesangial cells. LPC-mediated MAP kinase activation was inhibited (but n...

Thapsigargin is a non-phorbol ester-type tumor promoter that elevates the intracellular Ca2+ (Ca(i)2+) levels by blocking the microsomal Ca2+ ATPase. At present, the consequence of this Ca(i)2+ increase and the nature of the tumorigenicity of thapsigargin still remain to be elucidated. Previously, we demonstrated that thapsigargin activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase via Ca(i)2+...

The role of baroreflexes in long-term control of arterial pressure is unresolved. To determine whether chronic activation of the baroreflex produces sustained hypotension, we developed a method for prolonged activation of the carotid baroreflex in conscious dogs. This was achieved by chronically implanting electrodes around both carotid sinuses and using an externally adjustable pulse generator...

The kinetics of activation of tumoricidal functions in mouse macrophages incubated with macrophage-activating factors (MAP) released by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (free MAP) and MAP encapsulated within liposomes (liposome-MAF) have been compared. Development of tumoricidal activity requires incubation of macrophages with free or liposome-encapsulated MAP for a minimum of 4 hr. Macrophages i...

Words associate with each other in a manner of intricate clusters 1-3. Yet the brain capably encodes the complex relations into workable networks 4-7 such that the onset of a word in the brain automatically and selectively activates its associates facilitating the language understanding and generation 8-10. One believes that the activation strength from one word to another forges and accounts f...

Concept maps have been widely put to educational uses. They possess a number of appealing features which make them a promising tool for teaching, learning, evaluation, and curriculum planning. This paper presents self-associated concept mapping (SACM) which extends the use of concept mapping by proposing the idea of self-construction and automatic problem solving to traditional concept maps. Th...

in this study, the recycling possibility of residual oil fly ash (rofa) towards preparing activated carbon and its application in environmental remediation through adsorbing cu (ii) and pb (ii) ions from aqueous solutions were investigated. activated carbons were prepared using two different physical activation methods such as under steam flow at 950 0c, and combined steam and co2 flow at 850 0...

We proposed a two stage framework with only one network to analyze skin lesion images, we firstly trained a convolutional network to classify these images, and cropped the import regions which the network has the maximum activation value. In the second stage, we retrained this CNN with the image regions extracted from stage one and output the final probabilities. The two stage framework achieve...

Plant growth is severely affected by toxic concentrations of heavy metals. On characterizing the heavy metal-induced signalling pathways, the effects of cadmium (CdCl2) and copper (CuCl2) on MBP (myelin basic protein) kinase activities in Oryza sativa L. cv. TNG67 were analysed and it was found that Cd2+-induced 42 kDa MBP kinase has the characteristics of a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kina...

In response to changes in the extracellular environment, cells coordinate intracellular activities to maximize their probability of survival and proliferation. Eukaryotic cells, from yeast to mammals, transduce diverse extracellular stimuli through the cell by multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Exposure of cells to increases in extracellular osmolarity results in rapid a...