The P-cluster of nitrogenase is largely known for its function to mediate electron transfer to the active cofactor site during catalysis. Here, we show that a P-cluster variant (designated P*-cluster), which consists of paired [Fe(4)S(4)]-like clusters, can catalyze ATP-independent substrate reduction in the presence of a strong reductant, europium(II) diethylenetriaminepentaacetate [Eu(II)-DTP...

Secure data transmission and energy efficiency is one of the most prominent issues for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we present a secure and trustable hierarchical routing (STHR) scheme based on active detection model for large scale WSNs. The main objective of this paper is that it evaluates the nodal trust very quickly and avoids black holes through number of active detectio...

Electron spin echo electron-nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) experiments performed on a broad radical electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal observed in photosystem II particles depleted of Ca2+ indicate that this signal arises from the redox-active tyrosine YZ. The tyrosine EPR signal width is increased relative to that observed in a manganese-depleted preparation due to a magnetic i...

We study, in the ensemble of constant particle number, processes in which a cluster of particles is annihilated and particles are created catalytically in active sites. In this ensemble, particles belonging to a cluster of l particles jump to l distinct active sites. As examples of our prescription, we analyze numerically three nonequilibrium systems that annihilate cluster of particles that ar...

We investigate the reaction dynamics of diffusive molecules with immobile binding partners. The fixed reactants build clusters that are comprised of just a few tens of molecules, which leads to small cluster sizes. These molecules participate in the reaction only if they are activated. The dynamics of activation is mapped to a time-dependent size of an active region within the cluster. We focus...