epilepsy is among the most common disorders of the central nervous system and there is not an absolute method for its treatment. it has been shown that each seizure has a depressing effect on the following seizure. thus, finding the mechanisms responsible in this phenomenon can improve our knowledge toward new ways for epilepsy treatment. in this study, the role of adenosine a1 receptors in pos...

The adenosinergic system operates through G protein-coupled adenosine receptors, which have become promising therapeutic targets for a wide range of pathological conditions. However, the ubiquity of adenosine receptors and the eventual lack of selectivity of adenosine-based drugs have frequently diminished their therapeutic potential. Accordingly, here we aimed to develop a new generation of li...

Adenosine, released by cells in an injurious or hypoxic environment, possesses potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and superoxide anions (O2-). We hypothesized that adenosine compounds also induced heterologous desensitization of chemokine receptors, which played a critical role in leukocyte trafficking. Our studies using adenosine receptor...

Introduction : Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass and strength. ATP homeostasis crucial during myogenesis. We determined how the purinergic system modulates myogenesis using dipyridamole (blocks adenosine taken up by cells) tenofovir (inhibits release) in myoblast cell line. Methods: C2C12 cells were differentiated presence/absence tenofovir/dipyridamole, with/without A2B selective ...

We recently showed that A(2A) adenosine receptor activation by endogenous adenosine contributes to interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in polymicrobial sepsis. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underpinning this interaction between adenosine receptor signaling and infection by exposing macrophages to Escherichia coli. We demonstrated using receptor knockout mice that A(2A) receptor ac...

Adenosine modulation of nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) function was studied in primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle. Activation of the nAChR by carbachol increased extracellular adenosine concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, carbachol activation of the nicotinic receptor resulted in a twofold increase in cAMP levels in the muscle cells. The carbachol-dependent increase in c...

Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), a specific inhibitor of type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter, could regulate the extracellular adenosine concentration and have protective roles in seizures. However, the protection mechanism of NBTI in seizures remains poorly understood. Here, the expression pattern and subcellular distribution of adenosine A1 receptor were detected by Western blot analysi...

Although the A1 adenosine receptor (A1 receptor), the main adenosine receptor type in cardiac muscle, is involved in powerful cardioprotective processes such as ischemic preconditioning, the atrial A1 receptor reserve has not yet been quantified for the direct negative inotropic effect of adenosine. In the present study, adenosine concentration-effect (E/c) curves were constructed before and af...

Several studies show that different neurotransmitter receptor systems may interact with each other, for example, by means of a shared pool of G-proteins coupled to these receptors. Along these lines, there are data suggesting cross-talk between the adenosine and serotonin receptor systems. Such an interaction between these two receptor systems may also emerge under conditions of sleep loss whic...