The mathematical description of hemodialysis (HD) includes two parts: 1) explanation of the exchange between patient’s blood and dialysate fluid across a semipermeable membrane of the dialyzer, and 2) characterization of the solute removal from the patient. The solute transport across the dialyzer membrane depends on the difference in hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration gradients betw...

INTRODUCTION Inadequate dialysis accounts for the high mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In Nepal, due to various factors including financial and logistic limitations, hemodialysis is mostly performed twice-a-week. This study was undertaken to look at adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Nepal where the patients profile, in terms of di...

Peritoneal dialysis is the major renal replacement therapy for children with end-stage renal disease, with hemodialysis used for a substantial number of pediatric patients. Reduction of morbidity and mortality is a major goal with the use of these modalities. Adequacy of dialysis and maintenance of peritoneal membrane function are important considerations for children on long term dialysis. Bot...

GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS • We recommend that either synthetic or cellulosic membranes be used for symptomatic intra-dialytic hypotension as synthetic membranes offer no benefit over cellulosic membranes (1C). • We recommend that high-flux membranes be used to remove molecules such as beta-2 microglobulin because they have been shown to achieve lower serum levels (1A). • We suggest there are po...

p eritoneal dialysis has undergone considerable change since it was first used in managing end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the early 1960s. Its use then was predominantly as a holding procedure for hemodialysis, and as such, it was used in a very limited number of patients. With the introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 1976, the use ofPD has increased d...